我国冻雨统计及发生机制研究  

Studies on Statistics and Formation Mechanism of Freezing Rain

作　　者：刘朝茹 韩永翔[1] 王瑾 张智[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心中国气象局气溶胶与云降水重点开放实验室,江苏南京210044 [2]贵州省山地环境气候研究所,贵州贵阳550002

出　　处：《灾害学》2015年第3期219-222,234,共5页Journal of Catastrophology

基　　金：公益性行业专项(GYHY201306051);国家自然科学基金资助项目(41375158,41030962)

摘　　要：利用2008-2013年冬季低温期间全国常规地面观测站资料,统计了冻雨多发站点的1月份年平均冻雨发生日数,结合探空资料对冻雨进行分类并讨论其发生机制。结果表明:1不同站点间发生冻雨的机制有明显差异,冻雨发生机制与海拔高度有关;2含有暖层冻雨个例中过冷暖雨过程达到了67%以上,高海拔地区易发生过冷暖雨过程的冻雨,而低海拔地区易发生融化过程的冻雨;3用有无暖层来划分是融化过程还是过冷暖雨过程误判的概率极大,高海拔地区误判的概率最大,如威宁为97%,低海拔地区如南昌误判率也在20%以上。这一研究结果表明必须用新的分类方法来划分冻雨,用传统的有无暖层来划分冻雨机制存在误差。The annual mean days of freezing rain in January on meteorological stations where freezing rain fre-quently occurs was analyzed by using the surface observation data during the winter cold in 2008-2013.And then,the sounding data combined with surface observation data is used to classify freezing rain and discuss the formation mech-anism.The results showed that：① There are obvious differences of mechanism between different sites,and the for-mation mechanism of freezing rain has a correlation with altitudes;② Over 67% of the freezing rain with warm lay-er were formed by Supercooled Warm Rain Process,high altitudes tend to occur Supercooled Warm Rain Process, and low altitudes tend to occur Melting Ice Process;③ There is a significant misjudgment of distinguishing Super-cooled Warm Rain Processes and Melting Ice Process by using the judgment of whether there is a warm layer,the possibility of misjudgment at high altitudes is much higher than that at low altitudes,for example,it can be 97% in Weining.But the possibility still can be over 20% at low altitudes like Nanchang.The study suggests that we should use new category to determine the formation mechanism of freezing rain rather than the traditional one.

关 键 词：冻雨统计 过冷暖雨过程 融化过程 

分 类 号：P426.6[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] X43[环境科学与工程—灾害防治]