北方农牧交错带马铃薯沟垄集雨技术适宜性研究  

Suitability of rainwater harvesting technology for potato farmland ridge and furrow in Northern Agro-pastoral Zone of China

作　　者：胡琦[1,2] 潘学标[1,2] 杨宁[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193 [2]农业部武川农业环境科学观测实验站,内蒙古武川011700

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2015年第3期585-591,共7页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)(2012CB956204);国家自然科学基金项目(41271053)

摘　　要：北方农牧交错带是典型的雨养农业区,降水少且变率大,绝大多数农田缺乏灌溉条件,降水成为限制作物生产力的重要因素。以农牧交错带半干旱偏旱典型地区武川县为例,利用1960-2012年地面气象观测资料,对该地区马铃薯沟垄集雨技术适宜性进行了分析。结果表明:武川地区马铃薯全生育期内需水量为414.7 mm,平均水分亏缺为155.1 mm,占全生育期需水量的37.4%;马铃薯生育期内≥10 mm降水次数占18.5%,其降水量占总降水量的2/3左右,容易形成径流,有利于沟垄集雨集中有限降水用于作物生长;沟垄集雨可缓解北方农牧交错带半干旱偏旱地区马铃薯需水亏缺,丰水年、平水年和歉水年马铃薯全生育期裸地垄面径流深度分别为81.1 mm,49.0 mm和21.0 mm。在当地的气象条件和环境条件下,垄面为裸地时,种植马铃薯推荐采用的沟垄宽度比为1∶2.6,垄面覆膜时,推荐沟垄宽度比为1∶0.48。Northern Agro-pastoral Zone of China is the typical rain-fed agriculture area with less precipitation and large precipitation variability,while most farmland in this area is lack of irrigation,and crop growth and production is constrained by drought. Wuchuan County（41°N,114°E）,located in the middle of North Agro-pastoral Zone in Inner Mongolia,China,is chosen for the study area. Based on the 1961-2012 ground surface meteorological data from meteorological station in Wuchuan including air（maximum and minimum）temperature,precipitation,sunshine hours,wind speed,relative humidity,average atmospheric pressure,mean vapor pressure,daily ET values during potato growth period runoff depth of every precipitation and were calculated by Penman-Monteith formula and SCS model,respectively,then we calculated water deficit values and discussed the optimum furrow and ridge width ratio under the local weather and environmental conditions based on the filed water balance formula. The main results were as follows： it was suitable for planting potato in Wuchuan,where the precipitation was relatively concentrated and the average precipitation during potato growth period was 259.6±68.6 mm,accounting for 75.7% of the total precipitation. The frequency number of ≥10 mm precipitation was 436,accounting for 18.5% of the total,but ≥10mm rainfall accounted for about 2/3,so it was easy to form runoff and conducive to concentrate limited rainfall for crop growth. ET for potato growth period was about 414.7 mm in Wuchuan,with the water deficit during potato growing period 155.1 mm. Furrow and ridge rainwater harvesting could alleviate the potato water demand deficit in arid and semi-arid region,and runoff depth was 81.1 mm,49.0 mm,21.0 mm respectively during potatoes growth period in wet year,normal year and dry year. In wet year,runoff depth was larger due to the large single precipitation intensity,while ET was less than that in normal and dry year,thus potato getting sufficient water. Under the local weather and environmenta

关 键 词：北方农牧交错带 沟垄集雨 马铃薯 水分 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]