视觉学习与成人大脑的可塑性  

Visual learning and adult brain plasticity

作　　者：陈霓虹 方方[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学心理学系和机器感知与智能教育部重点实验室 [2]北京大学麦戈文脑研究所 [3]北京大学-清华大学生命科学联合中心,北京100871

出　　处：《生命科学》2015年第7期819-826,共8页Chinese Bulletin of Life Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30925014,31230029,31421003);国家重点基础研究发展计划(“973”项目)(2015CB351800)

摘　　要：我们对视觉特征和客体的分辨与识别能力会随着训练提高,这种现象被称为视知觉学习。对其神经机制的研究使我们更好地理解成人大脑可塑性。回顾了该研究领域的两大核心问题:(1)视知觉学习发生的皮层位置:学习发生在早期信息加工的视皮层,或是涉及决策等认知功能的高级额顶叶区域,抑或是视觉区域到高级认知区域的连接;(2)视知觉学习发生的形式:包括表征增强、表征锐化、易化等多种机制。最后,讨论了神经干预手段在知觉学习领域的应用,并展望该领域未来的研究方向。Visual perceptual learning refers to the phenomenon that training improves human perceptual abilities on sensory feature discrimination and object recognition. Investigating its neural mechanisms leads to a better understanding of neural plasticity of adult brain. Two central contentions in visual perceptual learning studies over the past decades were reviewed. The first is about the cortical loci in which plastic changes occur： the sensory stages of visual signal processing, or the down stream areas involved in decision-making, or the weight of connections between visual cortex and high-level cortical areas. The second is about the form in which plastic changes are manifested： the neural representations are enhanced, or sharpened, or facilitated in various ways. Finally, we discussed the applications of neural intervention techniques in perceptual learning research, and raised issues for lucre studies.

关 键 词：知觉学习 可塑性 视知觉 心理物理学 磁共振成像 经颅磁刺激 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学] B845[哲学宗教—心理学]