论1950年代高等学校“向工农开门”的方针  

On the Policy of Higher Education Institutions “Opening the Door to Workers and Peasants”in 1950s

作　　者：彭厚文[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学公共管理学院,湖南长沙410081

出　　处：《安徽史学》2015年第4期132-140,148,共10页Historical Research In Anhui

摘　　要：新中国成立后中国共产党在教育领域提出的"向工农开门"方针,主要是高等学校"向工农开门"。中国共产党主要采取了两项强力措施——创办中国人民大学和普遍举办工农速成中学贯彻实施这一方针。1955年后,这一方针一度改变为强调培养工农知识分子以业余教育为主。1957年反右派斗争后,中国共产党又重新强调高等学校"向工农开门"。这一方针对于培养新中国第一代新型工农知识分子发挥了积极作用,但也存在着教育质量难以得到保证、不公平、对知识分子不信任、教条主义色彩浓厚等消极因素。After the establishment of PRC, the CPC advanced the policy of ＂opening door to workers and peasants＂ in the education field, which mainly involved the higher education institutions ＂opening the door to workers and peasants＂. The CPC mainly adopted two forceful measures to implement this policy establishing People＇ s University of China and opening wide- spread instant middle schools for workers and peasants. After 1955 ,this policy once changed into focusing on cultivating intel- lectuals among workers and peasants mainly through part - time education. After the Anti - Rightist campaign of 1957 ,the CPC emphasized higher education institutions ＂opening door to workers and farmers＂ again. This policy had played an active role in cultivating new China＇ s first generation of new intellectual workers and peasants. However, there were also some negative fac- tors, such as the quality of education cannot be assured, injustice, distrust to intellectuals, too much dogmatism, etc.

关 键 词：高等学校 向工农开门 教育方针 工农速成中学 

分 类 号：K27[历史地理—历史学]