干旱区盐碱尘暴的形成、输送及其环境效应  

Formation,transport and environmental effect of saline dust storm in arid area

作　　者：刘东伟[1,2] 伊塔娜 王立新[1] 岳丹[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古大学环境与资源学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010021 [2]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《气象与环境学报》2015年第3期104-108,共5页Journal of Meteorology and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41201539);中国博士后基金第53批面上资助(2013M530439);中国科学院"西部之光"人才培养计划项目;国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAC02B03)共同资助

摘　　要：盐碱尘暴是富含细粒硫酸盐和氯化物的化学尘暴,是大气颗粒物PM10的重要来源之一。盐碱尘暴的产生、输送和沉降对区域甚至全球生态环境和气候变化具有重大影响。本文分析了盐碱尘暴的化学组成及其危害,对盐碱尘暴的形成、输送及其环境效应作了研究综述。结果表明:干旱区干涸湖床是盐碱尘暴的发源地,风蚀作用下干涸湖床盐粒和粉尘的扩散过程主要受风场、区域气候特征和地下水埋深的影响。构建综合风动力和下垫面因子的盐粒风蚀物扩散模型,加强盐分风—水两相运移耦合作用及其与流域景观变化的关系研究是盐碱尘暴的突破方向。In many arid and semi-arid lands,dry lake bed （saline playa）represents a tremendous source of uncon-solidated salt-rich sediments available for aeolian transport.Wind erosion of such saline surface crusts causes fre-quent severe salt dust storms and products gravely hazardous to environments.In this study,chemical composition of saline dust storms and its harm were analyzed,and its formation,transport and ecological effects were reviewed. The results indicate that playa sediments are sources of saline dust storms.Transport process of salts and dust are mainly affected by wind and regional climate characteristics as well as groundwater depth.Building a transport model integrated wind power factor and underlying surface of salts from playa sediments,strengthening the study of coupling of wind-water two-phase transport of salts and discussing the relationship with watershed landscape change are key tasks of saline dust storms in the future.

关 键 词：干涸湖底 风蚀 盐尘 环境效应 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]