基于环境压力的长江经济带工业生态效率研究  

The industrial eco-efficiency of the Yangtze River Economic Zone based on environmental pressure

作　　者：汪克亮[1] 孟祥瑞[1] 杨宝臣[2] 程云鹤[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽理工大学资源与环境经济研究所,安徽232001 [2]天津大学管理与经济学部,天津300072

出　　处：《资源科学》2015年第7期1491-1501,共11页Resources Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(71403003;71473001);国家社会科学基金项目(14BJL105);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(13YJC790136);中国博士后科学基金项目(2014M551787;2015T80643);安徽省哲学社科规划项目(AHSK11-12D107);安徽省软科学项目(1402052043;1302053056)

摘　　要：长期粗放型的工业增长模式给中国生态环境造成巨大压力,已经引起了社会各界的广泛关注。作为一种新型的衡量经济、资源与环境协调度的指标,生态效率可以体现某个经济单元在生产产品或提供服务的同时最大限度的减少自然资源消耗与环境污染排放(环境压力)的一种能力,反映了经济增长、资源节约与环境保护之间的平衡关系。本文选择工业用水总量、工业煤炭消费量、工业COD排放量以及工业SO2排放量作为环境压力代表性指标纳入DEA分析框架之中,实证测算2006-2012年长江经济带11个省市的5类工业生态效率(IEE)指标值,并考察IEE的地区差异与动态演变特征,采用σ收敛与绝对β收敛两种收敛分析方法检验IEE的收敛性,建立Tobit面板回归模型分析长江经济带IEE的影响因素。结果表明,长江经济带的IEE整体水平不高,资源节约与污染减排空间巨大;不同地区IEE差异特征明显且不存在明显的收敛趋势;经济发展水平、工业结构、工业能源消费结构、外资利用、政府环境规制力度对长江经济带及其上、中、下游地区的IEE均有一定影响,但影响的力度、方向以及显著性存在差异。Long-term extensive industrial growth has resulted in massive pressure on China＇s environment,and this has attracted wide attention. As a new indicator measuring the coordination degree among economy,resource and environment,eco-efficiency refers to the ability for an economic unit to create more goods and services with less impact on the environment and less consumption of natural resources（environmental pressure）,thus reflecting the balance among economic development,resource conservation and environmental protection. Choosing industrial water consumption,coal consumption,COD emissions and SO2 emissions as representative environmental pressure indices and treating them as input variables into a DEA analysis framework,we measured five kinds of industrial eco-efficiency indicators（IEE）for the Yangtze River Economic Zone＇s 11 provinces over the period 2006 to 2012. We analyzed IEE＇s regional differences and evolution trends and σ convergence and absolute β convergence analysis were used for discussing the characteristic of convergence and divergence for IEE. A Tobit regression model was used to analyze IEE influencing factors in the Yangtze River Economic Zone. Empirical analysis shows that the overall Yangtze River Economic Zone＇s IEE is still low,regional differences are remarkable and there is great potential for resource saving and pollution reduction.There is no evidence for the existence of convergence trends for the Yangtze River Economic Zone IEEs. Economic development,industrial structure,industrial energy consumption structure,foreign capital utilization and environmental regulation all have effects on IEE in the Yangtze River Economic Zone and its three sub-regions,while the influencing degree,direction and significance of each factor shows differences.

关 键 词：环境压力 工业生态效率 收敛 长江经济带 TOBIT回归模型 

分 类 号：F427[经济管理—产业经济] F224[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X22