小农家庭、土地开发与国际茶市(1838-1901)——晚清徽州婺源程家的个案分析  

Peasant Families,Land Development and the International Tea Market(1838-1901)——A Case Study of the Cheng Family of Wuyuan County in Huizhou Prefecture during the Late Qing Period

作　　者：刘永华[1] 

机构地区：[1]厦门大学历史系,教授厦门361005

出　　处：《近代史研究》2015年第4期66-81,161,共16页Modern Chinese History Studies

基　　金：福建省新世纪优秀人才支持计划(2007年度);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2013221001)的资助

摘　　要：自19世纪中叶开始,随着上海、宁波等口岸开埠通商,国际茶市对中国茶叶生产与销售的影响日益深入。在市场利好的刺激下,徽州婺源产茶区的一家农户通过增加茶叶生产与制作的劳动力投入,提高家庭的现金收入。同时,这家农户还因应家庭规模的变动,投入大量劳力开垦土地,扩大粮食种植面积,从而缓解口粮不足问题。这个个案说明,一方面,国际贸易未必会引起晚清小农经济的危机,反而可能为其发展提供一定契机。另一方面,晚清小农经济的发展,不仅受到国际市场、赋役制度的影响,还与家庭发展周期、土地开发等因素密切相关。因此,在研究晚清小农经济时,有必要从小农家庭的角度,讨论晚清农户应对各种地区性、全国性与国际性政治经济变动的策略,从而更深入理解晚清小农的生存处境。Since the middle of the 19 th century,with the opening of Shanghai,Ningbo and other treaty ports,the international tea market increasingly affected the production and sale of Chinese tea.Stimulated by the favorable market factors,a peasant family living in theWuyuan tea cultivation area in Huizhou increased its cash income through an increased investment in labor for the production of tea leaves.Meanwhile,because of the changes in this family's size,it put a lot of effort intocultivating land and enlarging its acreage for grain,thereby resolving the problem of food shortages.This case shows that,on one hand,international trade did not necessarily result in a crisis for the peasant economy in the late Qing period.Instead it perhaps provided some opportunities for the development of the peasant economy.On the other hand,the development of the late Qing peasant economy was not only affected by the international market,taxes,and corvee systems,it was also closely tied to factors like family development cycles and land development.Therefore,when researching the peasant economy of the late Qing,it is necessary for us to adopt the perspective of peasant families to discuss their strategies for dealing with various regional,national,and international political and economic changes,in order to more deeply understand their living situations.

关 键 词：小农家庭 土地开发 国际贸易 茶叶 徽州 

分 类 号：F329[经济管理—产业经济] K252[历史地理—历史学]