多动词构式:汉语单、双音介词形成的句法环境新探——以双音动词“依据”的语法化为例  

Multi-verb constructions:Syntactic context of the Chinese monosyllabic and disyllabic prepositions with a focus on the grammaticalization of the word Yiju(依据)

作　　者：张成进[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京审计学院文学院,江苏南京211815

出　　处：《云南师范大学学报（对外汉语教学与研究版）》2015年第4期56-61,共6页Journal of Yunnan Normal University(Teaching & Studying Chinese as a Foreign Language Edition)

基　　金：江苏省高校哲学社会科学研究项目"汉语常用多义介词的语法化顺序及其模式与动因研究"(2015SJB186);教育部人文社科研究项目"长三角地区城市方言变异比较研究"(14YJC740016);教育部人文社会科学研究项目"汉语常用语气副词的语法化研究"(13YJC740049)

摘　　要：一般认为,汉语动词语法化为介词的典型句法环境是连动结构的V1位置。文章以双音动词"依据"语法化为介词为例,通过对其语法化句法环境考察后发现,动词"依据"语法化的句法环境不是连动式的V1位置而是承接复句的第一个动词(V1)位置。有鉴于此,文章提出在汉语介词语法化的句法环境称谓上,既不宜说是连动式,也不宜说是承接复句,而应统称为"多动词构式"。"多动词构式"形式特征是"V1+N1+V2+N2",本质特征是多个动作行为按时序共用一个施事,连动式与承接复句分别是它的两个小类,汉语单音介词虚化于连动式,汉语双音介词虚化于承接复句。用"多动词构式"统一解释汉语单、双音介词语法化的句法环境,可避免因语法术语称谓不同人为将同一种语言事实割裂开来。It is generally believed that the typical syntactic context of grammarizing Chinese verbs into prepositions is the serial verb constructions（SVCs）of V1 syntactic position.After investigating the syntactic context of grammaticalization of the disyllabic verb Yiju（依据）,the paper holds that Yijuis not derived from the V1 syntactic position of SVCs through grammaticalization but from V1 syntactic position of the sequence complex sentence（SCS）.Because of this,it argues that the syntactic context of prepositional grammaticalization is neither the V1 syntactic position of SVCs nor V1 syntactic position of SCS,but the multi-verb constructions（MVCs）.The formal feature of the MVCs is＂V1＋N1＋V2＋N2＂,and the essential characteristic is multiple actions while sharing an agent according to the Principle of Temporal Sequence（TPS）.The SVCs and the SCS are its two small classes.It is in the V1 syntactic position of the SVCs that the monosyllabic verb realizes its grammaticalization,while disyllabic verbs derive from the V1 syntactic position of the MVCs.The MVCs approach to the interpretation of the syntactic context of the grammaticalization of Chinese monosyllabic prepositions and disyllabic prepositions can avoid the isolated interpretation of the same language facts due to different grammatical terms.

关 键 词：“依据” 多动词构式 句法环境 语法化 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]