经济系统物质流分析指标的国内外政策应用比较研究  

Comparative analysis of application of economy-wide material flow analysis based indicators for Chinese and international resource efficiency policies

作　　者：朱兵[1] 杨载涛 陈定江[1] 余亚东[2] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学化学工程系,北京100084 [2]华东理工大学商学院,上海200237

出　　处：《清华大学学报（自然科学版）》2015年第4期378-382,共5页Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology)

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2012BAC03B01)

摘　　要：经济系统与环境系统关系的失衡引发资源和环境危机。宏观管理决策者越来越重视衡量经济发展所付出的资源环境代价,迫切需要提高经济系统的资源利用效率。自21世纪初以来,基于经济系统物质流分析的物质流指标和以资源产出率为代表的衍生指标工具在国内外资源环境宏观管理政策实践中日渐受到重视,有关国家结合国情积累了不少正反经验。该文首先对经济系统物质流指标在日本、德国等部分发达国家及国际机构的政策应用进行总结,包括目标制定及相关行动等;其次对中国与资源产出率密切相关的资源效率政策及行动进行了回顾;最后,将中国与日本、德国等国的资源效率政策进行了比较。研究表明:相比发达国家,中国更偏重于资源消耗总量控制来提高资源利用效率,资源效率政策和行动方案更综合全面,但在技术创新上激励不足。在此基础上,建议中国未来进一步重视资源效率政策,尽快制定符合中国特点的资源消耗指标体系。Distortion between economic and environmental systems leads to resource and environmental crises.The measurement of resource and environmental cost in economic development is increasingly attracting attention of decision makers,and the resource efficiency improvement becomes an urgent issue.Since the beginning of the 21 st century, economy-wide material flow analysis（EW-MFA） and its derived indicators, such as resource productivity,are highly valued in policy application of resource and environment management by governments all over the world,with many experiences and lessons obtained in the practice.This paper summarizes the application of EW-MFA indicators in several developed countries such as Japan and Germany and international organizations in the aspects of target setting and practical action,with policies and actions related to the resource productivity in China then being reviewed.Comparison of resource efficiency policies related to EW-MFA was made among China,Japan and Germany.The results show that China tends to improve the resource efficiency by addressing more on the reduction of resource consumption,and that China＇s resource efficiency policy is more comprehensive while innovation inspiring is less sufficient.From all of the research,this paper suggests that China should pay more attention to resource efficiency policy in the future,with resource consumption indicators built up as soon as possible according to China＇s features.

关 键 词：经济系统物质流分析 资源产出率 资源效率 循环经济 

分 类 号：TQ014[化学工程] X24[环境科学与工程—环境科学]