上海和北京及长沙三个城市焦虑障碍和抑郁症的大众知晓度调查  

Public knowledge and attitude towards anxiety disorder and depression in Shanghai, Beijing and Changsha

作　　者：王琰[1] 何燕玲[1] 王静夷 肖水源[2] 闫芳[3] 赵靖平[4] 马辛[3] 徐一峰[1] 张明园[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学医学院附属精神卫生中心,200030 [2]中南大学公共卫生学院 [3]首都医科大学附属北京安定医院 [4]中南大学附属湘雅二医院精神科

出　　处：《中华精神科杂志》2015年第4期220-226,共7页Chinese Journal of Psychiatry

摘　　要：目的 了解上海、北京、长沙3个城市的居民对焦虑障碍和抑郁症的知晓度.方法 采用二阶随机抽样法抽取上海、北京和长沙3个城市2072名居民作为调查对象,采用以焦虑障碍（广泛性焦虑症、惊恐障碍、社交焦虑症）和抑郁症案例为主体的精神健康调查问卷进行调查,每人随机完成2个案例的问卷调查.分别采用独立样本t检验和方差分析、卡方检验、配对样本t检验、多元线性逐步回归对识别分、求助方式及社会距离分进行统计分析.结果 共收回有效问卷1805份,共3610个案例,其中焦虑障碍案例2696个,抑郁症案例914个.调查对象对抑郁症（47.2％,431/914）的正确判断率高于焦虑障碍38.0％（1025/2 696）.分别有85.8％（2312/2696）和（94.3％,862/914）的受访者认为焦虑障碍或抑郁症与环境因素有关;自我调节（84.0％,3031/3610）和心理咨询（82.3％,2972/3610）是2种最主要的应对措施;＞60％的调查对象愿意与焦虑障碍或抑郁症患者一起工作、做邻居、聊天或做朋友.教育程度高、年龄＜35岁及见/听到过类似情况者对焦虑障碍的识别分较高;教育程度高者及女性对抑郁症的识别分较高.对于焦虑障碍,年龄≥35岁及没见/听过类似情况的调查对象的社会距离分较高;对于抑郁症,男性及没见/听过类似情况者的社会距离分较高.上海[（1.8±1.1）分]、北京[（1.8±1.0）分]、长沙[（1.8±1.0）分]的居民对焦虑障碍的识别分差异无统计学意义（F=0.005,P＞0.05）,上海[（2.2±1.0）分]和北京[（2.2±1.1）分]居民对抑郁症的识别分高于长沙居民[（2.0±1.1）分;F=3.44,P＜0.05];3个城市居民在焦虑障碍和抑郁症的归因、求助方式和态度方面差异有统计学意义.结论 3个城市的居民对焦虑障碍的知晓度低于抑郁症,对两类疾病的归因和应对措施了解不够全面,并且对此类患者的态度有待改善.Objective To assess knowledge about anxiety disorder and depression among residents in three cities in China.Methods In Shanghai,Beijing and Changsha,2 072 residents were selected via two-stage random sampling.All respondents were asked to complete a mental health questionnaire,including demographic information,two of the four case vignettes describing generalized anxiety disorder,panic disorder,social anxiety disorder and depression followed by questions relevant to the cases.The independent-samples t-test,analysis of variance,paired-samples t-test and multiple linear stepwise regression analysis were used to analyze the recognition scores,help-seeking methods and social distance scores.Results There were 1 805 respondents completed the questionnaire,including 2 696 cases of anxiety disorder and 914 cases of depression in total.Correct judgment rate of depression （47.2%,431/914） was higher than anxiety disorder （38.0%,1 025/2 696）.A majority of respondents believed that anxiety disorder （85.8%,2 312/2 696） and depression （94.3%,862/914） were caused by environmental factors.Psychological counseling （82.3%,2972/3610） and self-regulation （84.0%,3031/3610） were the two most frequent suggestions of help-seeking.There were more than 60% of the respondents willing to work,be neighbors,chat or make friends with patients with anxiety disorder or depression respectively.Higher education,younger age and having seen/heard a similar case were related to higher recognition scores of anxiety disorder.Higher education and female were related with that of depression.In addition,respondents who was 35 years old or above hadn＇t seen/heard a similar case got higher social distance scores of anxiety disorder.Male and not having seen/heard a similar situation were related to higher social distance scores of depression.Significant differences of identification scores were found between Shanghai （2.2±1.0）,Beijing （2.2±1.1） and Changsha （2.1 ± 1.1）,F=3.44,P〈0.05.Differences about cause of and c

关 键 词：焦虑 分离 抑郁 态度 知晓度 

分 类 号：R749.72[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]