动脉粥样硬化动物模型构建的方法与现状  

Establishing animal models of atherosclerosis

作　　者：黄爱良[1] 黄荣志[1] 黄小倩[1] 黄建华[1] 周燕[1] 

机构地区：[1]广西医科大学药学院,广西壮族自治区南宁市530021

出　　处：《中国组织工程研究》2015年第27期4423-4428,共6页Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81360192);广西自然科学基金(2012GXNSFCA053004);广西高等学校资助项目(201203YB041)~~

摘　　要：背景:通过动脉粥样硬化动物模型深入了解动脉粥样硬化发病机制和发生发展过程,对动脉粥样硬化的临床诊断和防治都具有重大意义。目的:归纳和总结动脉粥样硬化建模方法及研究思路,揭示动脉粥样硬化动物模型建立的现状和进展,比较各种建模方法的优缺点,为临床研究提供借鉴意义。方法:应用计算机检索中国生物医学文献数据库、维普中文科技期刊数据库、万方中文数据库和Pub Med数据库,检索时间为1990年1月至2014年12月,以"动物模型;动脉粥样硬化"和"animal model;atherosclerosis;progression"为检索词,语言分别设定为中文和英文。按纳入和排除标准对文献进行筛选。分别以动脉粥样硬化建模方法、方法的改进以及各自方法的优缺点等几方面出发进行归纳和总结。结果与结论:共收集137篇相关文献,排除发表时间较早、重复及类似研究的文献93篇,共纳入44篇符合标准的文献。结果表明,高脂饲料喂养法建立的模型以脂质沉积为主要特征,操作性强,也较常被采用,但其造模时间较长,且形成的斑块位置不固定,从而人们在此基础上进行改进,免疫法、神经及机械损伤法、血流动力改变法、基因工程法等建立动脉粥样硬化动物模型的方法应运而生,这些方法都能加速模型的建立,也各有优缺点,它们与人类自发型的动脉粥样硬化存在一定差异,在研究动脉粥样硬化并发症时,部分结扎颈动脉法发挥了不可替代的作用;球囊损伤法形成的斑块位置确切,便于研究者实施各种干预措施后观察斑块的变化;免疫法建立的模型可为研究疫苗预防动脉粥样硬化提供线索,因此人们可根据自己的需要选择比较合适的造模方法。BACKGROUND： Animal models of atherosclerosis play an important role in the research of the pathogenesis, occurrence and development of atherosclerosis, as well as in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. OBJECTIVE： To summarize and discuss the establishment of atherosclerosis models, explore the current situation and advance of atherosclerosis models, compare the advantages and disadvantages of various methods,and provide evidence for clinical investigation. METHODS： A computer-based online search was conducted in Sino Med, VIP, Wanfang and Pub Med databases by using the key words of ＂animal model, atherosclerosis, progression＂ from January 1990 to December 2014. The language was limited to both Chinese and English. Relevant articles were screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The documents about the methods of atherosclerosis model preparation, method improvement as well as their advantage and disadvantage were summarized. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： A total of 137 articles were included. Among them, 93 articles published earlier, duplicated, and similarly were excluded, and 44 references were finally included. The results demonstrated that, the main characteristics of models established with the high-fit diet are lipid storage. This method is commonly used due to its fixable operation. However, this method needs a long time and the position of athermanous plaque is unstable. That＇s the reason why immune method, nerve and mechanical damaged method, hemodynamic method and genetic engineering method emerge. These novel methods facilitate the model establishment, and have their advantages and disadvantages. To a certain extent, they are different from human spontaneous type. Partial ligation plays irreplaceable functions when studying complications of atherosclerosis. The athermanous plaque formed by balloon injury shows accurate position, which is convenient for researchers to observe the changes of athermanous plaque after conducting all kinds of interventions. This model bas

关 键 词：组织工程 动物 动脉粥样硬化 高脂血症 实验动物 心肺及血管损伤动物模型 动物模型 建模方法 粥样斑块 高脂喂养 炎症免疫 球囊损伤 转基因小鼠 国家自然科学基金 

分 类 号：R318[医药卫生—生物医学工程]