试论亲属免证权及其制度构建——以新刑诉法的修改为视角  

On the Immunity of the Relatives as Witness and its System Construction-From the Perspective of Newly-amended Criminal Procedural Law

作　　者：步洋洋[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学刑事司法学院,北京100088

出　　处：《政法学刊》2014年第4期69-73,共5页Journal of Political Science and Law

摘　　要：亲属免证权,是指在刑事诉讼中,具有亲属关系的证人,基于其特定的亲属身份,依法享有的拒绝承担证明责任的权利,或者免除其作证义务的权利。无论是英美法系国家还是大陆法系国家,多对亲属免证权作出相关规定,我国香港、澳门以及台湾地区也对刑诉中亲属免证权进行了规定。亲属免证权的制度构建是国家进行多种利益权衡的必然选择,体现了国家对家庭关系维系之重视与刑法的谦抑制品格,彰显了法律的人性化。我国刑事诉讼法从1979年立法至今经过了1996年和2012年两次较大的修订,均未对亲属免证制度进行明确、规定,2012年修改后的刑诉法在明确规定证人强制出庭制度的同时,赋予了被追诉人的配偶、父母、子女不被强制出庭的权利,在一定程度上带有了免证特权的色彩,却并非真正意义上的亲属免证特权。Immunity of the relatives as witness in criminal lawsuit refers to the integrated rules that allow the relatives of culprit to refuse to testify in court as the part of the system of witness. Whatever in Anglo - American Legal System or Continental Legal System, the immunity of the relatives as witness is clearly prescribed and Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan also have such kind of prescriptions. The system construction is the requirement of inter- ests balancing and reflects the humanity nature of law. China- Criminal Procedural Law has undergone two modifi- cations since 1979. The newly - amended Criminal Procedural Law in 2012 has prescribed clearly that the witness shah be forced to testify in court while the spouse, parents and children shall not be forced to testify in court. However, this is not immunity of the relatives as witness in its real sense. This paper gives a historical review to the immunity of the relatives as witness and points out the necessity and feasibility of establishing such a system in China by comparing the related prescriptions in Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan.

关 键 词：亲亲相隐 亲属免证权 必要性与可行性 亲属免证制度的构建 

分 类 号：D925.282[政治法律—诉讼法学]