生态足迹的模型修正与方法改进  

Ecological footprint model modification and method improvement

作　　者：周涛[1,2,3] 王云鹏[1] 龚健周 王芳[2] 冯艳芬[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院广州地球化学研究所,广州510640 [2]广州大学地理科学学院,广州510006 [3]中国科学院大学研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《生态学报》2015年第14期4592-4603,共12页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41001048)

摘　　要：生态足迹是测定人类活动的资源消费需求,判明自然资产是否被过度利用的有效工具。介绍了生态足迹的基本概念和模型,简单分析基本模型存在的主要缺陷和争论,重点解析了近年来生态足迹模型在参数调整、项目计算、账户扩展等方面的演变和修正。介绍生态足迹研究的传统方法:综合法和组分法,评述了生命周期评价,基于投入产出分析,三维模型,净初级生产力,能值理论,时序分析等的方法改进。对未来的研究方向提出自己的看法,期望对我国的生态足迹研究有一定的启示作用。The Ecological Footprint （EF） method, useful approach to determine human sustainability originally developed by Wackemagel and Rees in the mid 1990s, is a EF can measure human demand on bioproductive land area that is required to support resource demands of a given population or specific activities, and identify whether natural assets have been overly exploited. The aim of this paper is to elaborate and analyze the progress of EF modeling and methods in recent research. First, we explain the basic EF model and the concepts of ecological footprint, biological capacity, ecological remainder and ecological deficit. Second, we comment on major defects and controversies of the basic model. One example of this is the assumption that biologically productive land use types are a mutually exclusive, partial index of the ecological accounting, which overlooks the complexity of land quality or ecological function and ignores the influence of socioeconomic factors on the productivity of land. More importantly, we discuss evolution and modification of the EF model in recent years, which includes three aspects： parameter adjustment （equivalence factor and yield factor）, item calculation （energy land, cropland, footprint, fishing and ore component -based ground, and built-up land）, and accounting extension （carbon footprint, water footprint, pollution resource footprint）. Third, after introducing the two main conventional EF methods （the compound and approaches）, we comment on EF methodology improvement based on life cycle assessment （LCA）, input- output analysis, three-dimensional modeling, net primary productivity, emergy theory, time series analysis, and others. Key issues from the method review are as follows. （ 1 ） The LCA method can be applied to the EF of a final product. LCA-EF has the advantage of detail, as individual product types and even brands can be analyzed, with the general disadvantage of lacking complete upstream coverage of the production chain. （2） The main advantage of i

关 键 词：生态足迹 生态承载力 模型修正 方法改进 

分 类 号：X22[环境科学与工程—环境科学]