我国近地层臭氧污染对水稻和冬小麦产量的影响概述  

The Effects of Surface Ozone on the Yields of Rice and Winter Wheat in China

作　　者：佟磊[1,2] 王效科[3] 肖航[1,2] 黄仲文[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院城市环境研究所大气有害物质实验室,厦门361021 [2]中国科学院宁波城市环境观测研究站,宁波315830 [3]中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085

出　　处：《生态毒理学报》2015年第3期161-169,共9页Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(青年基金)(31300435);环境保护公益性行业科研专项经费(200809152);中国科学院城市环境研究所青年人才领域前沿项目(IUEQN-2012-03)

摘　　要：地表监测数据表明,我国近地层O3污染日趋严重,已对水稻和冬小麦的生长造成严重威胁。为评估O3污染对我国农业生产的风险,综合已有剂量反应实验结果,对我国南北五个地区（北京、定兴、江都、嘉兴、东莞）水稻和冬小麦的O3敏感性进行了比较分析。研究发现：（1）随着实验地区和实验品种的变化,两种作物的O3敏感性存在明显差异,其中,水稻对O3的敏感程度由北到南逐渐增加;（2）两种作物的产量均随O3剂量的增加而降低,且冬小麦的减产程度高于水稻;（3）基于FACE实验得到的作物O3敏感性高于基于OTC实验的研究结果。利用上述研究得到的O3剂量反应方程和O3浓度预测数据,对未来我国水稻和冬小麦的产量损失进行了评估。预计到2020年,我国五个主要作物产地水稻和冬小麦的产量损失范围分别为3.2~28.8%和7.8~36.9%。上述结果表明,O3污染已对我国主要粮食作物的生长造成巨大威胁,且作物品种间存在明显的O3抗性差异,有必要采取有效措施缓解O3浓度的上升,同时,需要利用更科学的实验方法进行O3抗性品种的选育,这对降低O3的农业风险具有重要意义。As the long-term air monitoring data indicates, surface ozone concentration in China has been rapidly in- creasing, which could seriously affect the growth of rice and winter wheat. To accurately assess the ozone-induced risk, the dose-response relationships of rice and winter wheat were analyzed for five regions, which include Beijing, Dingxing, Jiangdu, Jiaxing, and Dongguan. The yield responses to ozone for both crops varied with experimental regions and crop varieties. The rice grown in the north is more sensitive to ozone compared with those from south regions. These indicate that climate characteristic of habitat and crop cultivars are two important factors in influen- cing crops＇ sensitivities to ozone. Yields of both crops decreased rapidly with the increase of ozone exposure dose, and winter wheat was found to be more sensitive to ozone than rice. Both rice and winter wheat are more sensitive to ozone in the free air concentration enrichment （FACE） experiment than those within the open-top chambers （OTCs） system. Based on these dose-response results and the predicative surface ozone concentration of China, the yield losses in the five major Chinese production areas by 2020 are estimated to be 3.2% ~28.8% and 7.8% 36.9% for rice and winter wheat, respectively. Therefore, in order to reduce the risks of ozone pollutions on crop production, more effective measures are needed to be taken, such as emission reduction of 03 precursor and breed- ing or genetic modification of O3-resistant cultivars.

关 键 词：臭氧 水稻 冬小麦 开顶箱 产量 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]