模拟人工湿地植物丰富度对硝氮去除及净温室效应的影响  

Effects of plant species richness on nitrate removal and net greenhouse effect in simulated constructed wetlands

作　　者：刘阳[1] 李丹[1] 孙红英[1,2] 杨国福[1] 陈正新[1,3] 范星[1] 葛滢[1] 常杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学生命科学学院,杭州310058 [2]福建农林大学菌草研究所,福州350002 [3]温州市环境保护设计科学研究院,浙江温州325000

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2015年第8期2173-2180,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31270377和31170305)资助

摘　　要：用水培微宇宙模拟人工湿地,研究植物丰富度对系统氮去除的影响,并整合多项功能评估系统净温室效应。选择水芹(Oenanthe javanica)、羊蹄(Rumex japonicus)、虉草(Phalaris arundinacea)和吉祥草(Reineckia carnea)4个物种,进行单种及混种2个处理,供给以硝氮(NO3--N)为唯一氮形态的模拟污水。结果表明:混种系统出水氮浓度显著低于单种系统,即高丰富度具有更高氮去除效率;混种系统的地上和总生物量显著高于单种系统;在单种系统中反硝化是最主要的氮去除途径,而混种系统主要通过增强植物吸收提高净化效率;混种系统比单种系统排放更多的CH4和N2O;混种提高了生物量,如果这些植物用于生物燃料则相当于强化了CO2减排潜力;综合CO2、CH4和N2O,提高植物丰富度会显著降低系统净增温潜力(GWP)。Hydroponic microcosms of constructed wetlands were used to study the effects of plant species richness on nitrogen removal and some other ecosystem functions. Multiple functions were integrated to assess the net greenhouse effect in response to plant diversity. Microcosms with mono- and mixed culture of four plant species （ Oenanthe javanica, Rumex japonicus, Phalaris arundinacea, Reineckia carnea ） were established and supplied regularly with simulated wastewater in which nitrate （NO3--N） was the sole nitrogen form. Results showed that the efflu- ent inorganic nitrogen concentration was significantly lower in the mixed microcosms than in the monocultures, indicating that high plant species richness enhanced the nitrogen removal efficien- cy. The aboveground and total biomass in the mixed microcosms were higher than those in the monocultures. Denitrificafion was the major contributor to nitrogen removal in the monocuhures, while plant nitrogen uptake was the major contributor in the mixed microcosms. Microcosms with mixed planting of four species had higher CH4 and N2O emissions. However, high species rich- ness could enhance the reduction in CO2 emission through enhancing plant biomass, which could be used as biofuel to replace the fossil fuels. After synthesizing CO2, CH4 and N2O emissions, we found that high plant species richness reduced the net global warming potential （GWP） of the systems.

关 键 词：生物多样性 温室气体 净化效果 生物能源 

分 类 号：X173[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X52