页岩气开采工艺的微生物分子生态学研究进展  

Research progress on molecular microbial ecology associated with shale gas exploration

作　　者：张一梦[1] 余志晟[1] 张乙铭 张洪勋[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京100049 [2]天津师范大学城市与环境学院,天津300387

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2015年第8期2333-2338,共6页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(21177153)资助

摘　　要：页岩气因其储量丰富及绿色清洁等特点已成为能源领域的研究热点。微生物对页岩气的形成和开采过程有一定影响,研究与页岩气相关的微生物分子生态,将有助于解析页岩气成因,改进页岩气生产设备及产出水等的管理。本文阐述了国内外对微生物在页岩气形成及开采方面的研究进展,包括页岩气成因类型,微生物产甲烷途径及环境对产甲烷途径的影响,钻井液和水力压裂液对微生物群落结构的影响及微生物对生产设备的影响,指出深层页岩气井生产设备中微生物分子生态和商业开采对地下微生物的影响可作为今后的关注重点,旨在为我国页岩气产业的可持续发展提供参考。Shale gas, due to its large reserves worldwide and green nature, has drawn extreme attention in recent years in energy-related research. Microorganisms play important roles in the formation and exploration of shale gas. Studies of the molecular microbial ecology associated with shale gas can help to better understand the mechanism of shale gas formation and management of gas production and wastewater treatment. The current paper is a review on research progresses in the stated areas, including shale gas genesis, pathways of methane formation, effects of environ- mental factors on methane formation, impacts of drilling mud and hydraulic fracturing liquids on microorganisms, and the existence of microbial communities on production facilities. A better un- derstanding of microbial ecology in the production facilities of deep shale gas wells and how com- mercial exploration affects the subsurface microorganisms would help extract the valuable shale gas resources.

关 键 词：页岩气 成因 开采 微生物多样性 

分 类 号：TE37[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程]