北京市湿地缓解热岛效应功能分析  

Analysis of Alleviation of Urban Heat Island Effect by Wetlands in Beijing

作　　者：康晓明[1,2,3] 崔丽娟[1,2,3] 赵欣胜[1,2,3] 李伟[1,2,3] 张曼胤 马牧源[1,2,3] 雷茵茹[1,2,3] 魏圆云 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院湿地研究所,北京100091 [2]湿地生态功能与恢复北京市重点实验室,北京100091 [3]北京汉石桥湿地生态系统国家定位观测研究站,北京101399

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2015年第22期199-205,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金："北京湿地生态质量调查与评价"(2012)

摘　　要：基于遥感影像和野外观测,对不同地表类型的温度频率和不同湿地类型的降温效果进行对比分析,旨在评价北京市湿地在调节小气候和缓解城市热岛效应方面的作用。结果表明：湿地的降温作用显著高于植被和裸地,可显著缓解城市热岛效应（P〈0.001）,且其温度范围随时间推移逐渐增大,温度差表现出2012〉2004〉1996的规律。2013年不同季节的实测数据也间接证明了湿地的降温作用及其距离效应（R2≥0.88,P〈0.01）。基于MODIS数据反演的4个年份的温度数据,发现湖库湿地在缓解城市热岛效应方面比河流湿地效果更加显著（P〈0.01）,其降温效果（7.5~10.9℃）显著优于河流湿地（4.4~7.2℃）。因此,未来湿地建设在增加湿地面积的同时,也要考虑不同的湿地类型,使湿地最大程度地缓解城市热岛效应。To study the impacts of Beijing wetlands on urban heat island effect, the temperature of differentsurface types and the cooling effect of different wetland types were compared by using remote sensing imagesand observed data at multiple spatial and temporal scales. The paper aims to explore the function of wetlandsin Beijing in regulating regional climate and alleviating the urban heat island effect. The results showed thatwetlands played a significant role in mitigating the urban heat island effect（P0.001） due to the lowtemperature, the cooling effect of wetlands was obviously higher than that of vegetation and bare land（P0.0001）. The temperature range increased gradually with the lapse of time, following a pattern of 201220041996. Moreover, the observed results in 2013 also showed that air temperature increased（R2≥0.88, P0.01）with the distance increasing from wetlands. According to the four-year inversed temperature data of MODIS,the research findings suggested that lakes depressed the surface temperature more pronouncedly than rivers（P0.01）, by about 7.5- 10.9℃ and 4.4- 7.2℃, respectively. Therefore, the authors suggest constructing more wetlands with appropriate types and patterns and allocating wetland resources rationally to make best use ofthe integrated functions of urban wetlands in regulating regional climate and reducing urban heat island effect.

关 键 词：遥感 城市化 湿地 小气候效应 城市热岛效应 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]