北江上游水环境重金属污染及生态毒性的时空变化  

Spatial and temporal variation of heavy metals and their association with ecotoxicity in the upper reaches of Wengjiang River in Beijiang Basin

作　　者：朱爱萍[1] 陈建耀[1] 高磊[1] 杨欣[2] 陈怡东[1] 钟金龙[1] 高庆旺 梁冬梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学地理科学与规划学院,广州510275 [2]中山大学环境科学与工程学院,广州510275

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2015年第8期2487-2496,共10页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.41371055);广东省省级科技计划项目(No.2013B020700009);中山大学滨海小流域自然地理综合过程观测与试验平台建设项目(2012年度);广东省水资源节约与保护专项资金项目(2015年度)~~

摘　　要：为了解北江中上游(翁源段)翁江及横石河沿岸地区水环境中重金属污染现状及其时空变化特征,分别于2013年8月(丰水期)和2014年3月(枯水期)采集两条河流及其周边地区不同点位的地表水及地下水,分析了水体中As、Cd、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn 6种重金属元素的含量及变化,并结合发光菌毒性测试方法对水体的生态毒性进行了评价.结果表明,横石河受重金属污染较翁江严重,丰、枯水期重金属Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb的平均浓度分别为1029.0、11086、36.200、114.00μg·L-1和444.20、8332.2、31.300、41.200μg·L-1,分别是地表水III类水质标准值的2.96、41.1、24.8、8.31倍和1.38、33.9、21.2、3.47倍;各重金属浓度最高值均出现在S1处,且该点位的水体明显呈酸性(p H=3.23),究其原因发现大宝山矿区是横石河水体重金属的主要污染源.生态毒性测试结果显示,不同时期横石河河水及沿岸地下水体对发光菌均产生了显著的毒性效应,其中,S1处水样丰、枯水期的抑制率分别高达100%和97.3%,为剧毒;而翁江仅丰水期时S12、S14处的河水水样表现出一定的低毒性.Hengshi River,one tributary of Wengjiang River,has been severely polluted by mining and processing activities of Dabaoshan Mine since1960 s. Water samples were collected from the river and their adjacent shallow aquifer in the wet（ August,2013） and dry season（ March,2014） to investigate spatial and seasonal variation of water quality in terms of heavy metal concentrations and the inhibition rate of the luminescent bacteria（ V.fischeri,LUMIStox 300）. Average concentrations of Cu,Zn,Cd,and Pb were found to be 1029. 0,11086,36. 200,and 114. 00 μg·L^-1in the wet season,and 444. 20,8332. 2,31. 300,and 41. 200 μg·L^-1in the dry season,respectively in the Hengshi River,exceeding the national surface water quality standard of China for class III. The highest concentration of heavy metals was found at site S1 with a lowest p H of 3. 23 in the upper stream,close to the mining area. The heavy metals generally decrease from the upper reach down to the Wengjiang River. Significant toxicity to the luminescent bacteria was obtained at site S1 with an inhibition rate of 100% in the wet season and 97. 3% in the dry season,higher than the high toxic level of 90%. In contrast,low toxicity was found at the sites of S12 and S13 in the wet season in the Wengjiang River. High heavy metals and inherent toxicity in the Hengshi River was attributed to the Dabaoshan mining activities.

关 键 词：北江 重金属 发光菌 毒性 时空变化 

分 类 号：X131[环境科学与工程—环境科学]