高原环境下生物柴油对压燃式发动机性能与排放特性的影响  

Effects of Biodiesel on the Performance and Emission Characteristics of CI Engine Running at High Altitude Region

作　　者：沈颖刚[1] 李伟东[1] 陈贵升[1] 张韦[1] 陈朝辉[2] 何鲲[1] 

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学云南省内燃机重点实验室,昆明650500 [2]昆明理工大学城市学院,昆明650051

出　　处：《内燃机工程》2015年第4期150-156,共7页Chinese Internal Combustion Engine Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51366007);云南省科技厅面上项目(2013FB019);云南教育厅基金项目(KKJA201256011)

摘　　要：在高原发动机大气模拟试验台架上,深入研究生物柴油和大气压力对不同型式压燃式发动机性能与排放特性的影响规律与作用机理。研究结果表明:随着大气压力下降,自然吸气柴油机的最大扭矩和有效热效率下降幅度逐渐加剧,其最大扭矩输出随生物柴油掺混比增大先升后降;而涡轮增压柴油机最大扭矩随生物柴油掺混比的增加一直呈线性下降。对于自然吸气柴油机,随大气压力降低,与纯柴油(B0)相比,纯生物柴油(B100)在中高转速全负荷工况时的烟度显著降低。对于涡轮增压柴油机,B100外特性的不透光度相对B0降低幅度随转速增加逐渐减弱,表现出与自然吸气柴油机相反的变化趋势;对于高压共轨柴油机,在低转速全负荷时,B100与B0的功率输出与实测油耗基本相当,B100的有效热效率高于B0。随着发动机转速增加,与纯柴油(B0)相比,B100外特性功率输出逐渐降低,实测油耗升高,有效热效率与B0逐渐接近;不同生物柴油的理化特性对共轨柴油机性能的综合影响差异较小。在相同功率(或扭矩)时,不同生物柴油的燃烧特性和NOx排放特性基本相当;对于碳烟排放,地沟油最高,橡胶籽次之,小桐子最低。The study on the effects of biodiesel and atmospheric pressure on the performance and emission characteristics of compression ignition（CI）engine was conducted on engine test bench of plateau atmospheric simulation.The results show that the maximum torque and effective thermal efficiency of naturally aspirated diesel engine reduce remarkably when atmospheric pressure decreases,and the maximum torque rises first and then declines with the increase of biodiesel blending ratio.However,the maximum torque of turbocharged diesel engine decreases linearly when biodiesel blending ratio reduces.For naturally aspirated diesel,with the decrease of atmospheric pressure,the smoke of B100（pure biodiesel）at mid and high speed with full load is significantly reduced as compared with that of B0（pure diesel）.For turbocharged diesel engine,reduction of the opacity of B100 under full throttle condition weakens with the increase of engine speed when compared with the opacity of B0,which is contrary to that of naturally aspirated diesel.For common-rail diesel engine,when compared with B0,the power output and actual fuel consumption of B100 are comparable at low speed with full load and its effective thermal efficiency is higher.With the increase of engine speed,the power output of B100 under full throttle condition reduces gradually,and actual fuel consumption increases when compared with B0;meanwhile,the effective thermal efficiency of B100 approaches to that of B0 gradually.Differences of the three biodiesels in physical and chemical characteristics have a little effect on the performance of common-rail diesel engine.Different biodiesels have similar combustion characteristics and NOxemissions under the same power or same torque conditions.However,waste cooking oil has the highest level of smoke,and followed by rubber seed and jatropha.

关 键 词：内燃机 高原环境 大气压力 压燃式发动机 生物柴油 性能 排放特性 

分 类 号：TK427[动力工程及工程热物理—动力机械及工程]