心理预期与认知方式对负面情绪的交互调节  

The Interactive Regulation of Negative Emotions by Anticipation and Cognitive Strategies

作　　者：杨洁敏[1,2,3] 张蜀[1,2] 袁加锦[1,2] 刘光远[4] 

机构地区：[1]认知与人格教育部重点实验室(西南大学) [2]西南大学心理学部 [3]西南大学数学博士后流动站 [4]西南大学电子信息工程学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2015年第8期1312-1323,共12页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(31400906)

摘　　要：近年来,研究发现对负性事件发生之前预先的心理准备,即心理预期,能有效降低负性事件发生后的情绪影响,但预期过程本身却导致情绪相关神经环路的激活与主观焦虑体验。因此,采用适应性认知调节方式克服预期过程本身的负面情绪效应,以充分发挥事先预期的情绪调控优势,成为情绪调节领域亟待解决的问题。另一方面,过度负性预期——对潜在负性事件不仅作负面心理预期同时以情绪化的认知方式应对该事件,是焦虑障碍的核心特征。因此,对焦虑症患者进行适应性认知方式的训练以消除其情绪化应对方式,最终减弱该人群对未知事件的过度负面预期,可能是焦虑障碍干预的重要途径。因此,有必要综合行为学,多导外周生理记录与神经成像手段以揭示认知方式与心理预期对负面情绪的交互调节效应;旨在探求发挥心理预期情绪调节优势,减弱其情绪代价的方法;并为焦虑症的临床治疗提供新的思路。Recent studies showed that antecedent anticipations of upcoming negative events effectively reduced post hoc negative emotional experiences elicited by these events. However, this anticipatory process itself has been shown to result in activations of emotion-related neural circuits and subjective anxiety. It raises a striking question that how to use healthy cognitive emotion regulation strategies to attenuate the negative effect of emotional anticipation, and consequently to fully develop the advantage of antecedent anticipation in emotion regulation. On the other hand, excessive negative expectation, which is characterized by both overestimation of the costs and the emotion-focused coping for uncertain events, is suggested to be an important determinant for the occurrence of anxiety disorders. Accordingly, it is probably an important route for anxiety disorder intervention, to train anxiety patients with adaptive cognitive regulation strategies during the emotional anticipatory process, which target at offsetting the maladaptive emotion-focused coping and reducing excessive negative expectation. Therefore, it is necessary to use behavioral, physiological and neuroimaging approaches comprehensively to unravel the interactive impacts of cognitive strategies and antecedent expectation on emotional consequences of negative events. Its important implication lies not only in reducing the costs and developing the advantage of antecedent anticipation in emotion regulation, but also in providing new insights into the clinical treatment of anxiety disorders.

关 键 词：情绪调节 负性情绪 焦虑障碍 神经机制 事件相关电位 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]