轮径差对机车惰行和电制动轮轨作用的影响  

Influence of Wheel Diameter Difference on Wheel/Rail Interaction of Locomotive under Coasting and Electric Braking Conditions

作　　者：马卫华[1] 邹瑞明[1] 罗世辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点实验室,成都610031

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2015年第14期115-121,共7页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划(NCET-11-0712);四川省科技计划(2012GZ0103);西南交通大学2011年竢实之星计划;西南交通大学研究生创新实验实践(YC201421240)资助项目

摘　　要：在分析轮径差类型的基础上,探讨轮径差对轮对受力状态和运动形态的影响。建立八轴重载机车+详细C80型运煤专用敞车+简化C80型运煤专用敞车的列车模型,仿真分析机车在惰行和电制动工况下,不同类型轮径差对轮轨相互作用的影响。结果表明,轮径差会改变轮对的运动形态,从而引起轮轨相互作用的变化,加剧轮轨之间的磨耗;由于摇头角会引起轮对的横向蠕滑,因此反相轮径差对轮轨横向力和轮轨磨耗的影响要大于同相轮径差;电制动工况相对惰行工况而言,横向蠕滑力有所减小,因此电制动工况下轮径差对轮轨横向力的影响要小于惰行工况,并且轮轴横向力相对惰行工况总体也有所减小;由于制动力会降低轮对对左右轮滚动圆半径的调整能力,因此电制动工况下的稳态轮径差要大于惰行工况下的稳态轮径差,轮轨磨耗也要远大于惰行工况,在电制动工况下,轮径差还会引发轮对偏磨的出现,进一步加大轮径差。Influence of wheel diameter difference on the stress and movement of wheelset is discussed based on the analysis on wheel diameter difference types. A train dynamic model which consists of an eight axle heavy haul locomotive＋a detailed Cso gondola car ＋a simplified C80 gondola car has built up, the effect of different type of wheel diameter difference on the wheel/rail interaction under coasting and breaking condition is simulated. The results show that the movement of wheelset will changed for the reason of wheel diameter difference, thus affect the wheel/rail interaction and aggravate the wear between wheel and rail; Because the yaw angle of wheelset caused lateral creep, so the influence of wheel diameter difference in anti-phase on the wheel/rail lateral force and wear is larger than wheel diameter difference in same-phase. Breaking condition decrease lateral creepage force compare with coasting condition, so the influence of wheel diameter difference on wheel rail lateral force under electric braking condition should be less than coasting condition, and decrease lateral wheelset force as well. Due to the braking force can reduce the adjustment ability of wheelset on its rolling diameter between left and right wheel, the steady wheel diameter difference under electric braking condition should be larger than the steady wheel diameter difference under coasting condition, the wear between wheel and rail would overweigh the coasting condition too, wheel diameter difference also leads to eccentrically-wearing under breaking condition, further increase wheel diameter difference.

关 键 词：机车 动力学 轮径差 轮轨作用 电制动 

分 类 号：U260[机械工程—车辆工程]