失独者的心理健康状况及其影响因素  

Investigation on the psychological status and its influencing factors in parents lost their only child

作　　者：杭荣华[1] 陶金花[2] 张文嘉[3] 董亚歌 张雪娇[1] 

机构地区：[1]皖南医学院心理学教研室,安徽芜湖241002 [2]安徽师范大学学生工作处,安徽芜湖241002 [3]复旦大学生命科学学院,上海200433

出　　处：《皖南医学院学报》2015年第4期398-401,共4页Journal of Wannan Medical College

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(13YJA840005)

摘　　要：目的:研究失独者的心理健康状况及其影响因素。方法:采用一般情况调查表、90项症状清单(SCL-90)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)、简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)和一般自我效能感量表(GSES)对186名失独者(研究组)和200名非失独者(对照组)进行问卷调查。结果:研究组的SCL-90总分及各因子分、消极应对分高于对照组,积极应对、自我效能、社会支持总分、主观支持、利用度低于对照组,两组间的差异均有显著统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。失独者的SCL-90总分与消极应对呈正相关,与婚姻及居住状态、宗教信仰、再生育意愿、积极应对、主观支持、客观支持、利用度、社会支持总分、自我效能呈负相关(P<0.05或P<0.01);积极应对、婚姻居住情况、宗教对心理健康有正向预测作用,消极应对对心理健康有负向预测作用。结论:失独者的心理健康水平低于普通人群;失独者的心理健康水平与其当前婚姻状态、宗教信仰、再生育可能、应对方式、社会支持及自我效能等存在一定的关系;应对方式对失独者的心理健康有一定的预测作用。Objective：To investigate the psychological status and its influencing factors in parents lost their only child .Methods：Symptom Check list 90 （SCL-90）,Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire（SCSQ）and General Self-Efficacy Scale （GSES） were applied to surveying on 186 parents lost their only child（observational group） and another 200 counterparts（control subjects） with general condition inventory.Results：Compared with the controls,the ob-servational group scored totally higher on individual components on SCL-90 and negative coping styles,yet lower on items of positive coping styles,general self-efficacy,and availability of social support and auto-support.The two groups were significantly different（P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）.Total scoring on SCL-90 for observational group was positively correlated with negative coping styles,whereas negatively with marriage status and living status,religious belief, willingness to give birth to another child,positive coping styles,availability of auto-support and objective support as well as total scores on social support and self-efficacy（P〈0.05 or P 〈0.01）.Positive coping styles,marriage and spouse living status,religious belief were positive contribution to mental health,whereas negative coping styles were negatively associated with mental health.Conclusion：The mental health levels are overall lower in parents lost their only child,and associated to a certain extent with their current marital status,religious beliefs,possibility to give birth to another child,coping style to the bereavement,availability of social support and self-efficacy.Coping styles can be predictive role in estimation of the mental health status in this popula-tion.

关 键 词：失独者 心理健康 社会支持 应对方式 自我效能 影响因素 

分 类 号：B844.3[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]