国内外高速铁路钢轨性能对比研究  

Comparative Study on Rail Performance of High Speed Railway Home and Abroad

作　　者：张银花[1] 周清跃[1] 鲍磊[2] 高怡斐[2] 陈朝阳[1] 李闯[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国铁道科学研究院金属及化学研究所,北京100081 [2]钢铁研究总院,北京100081

出　　处：《中国铁道科学》2015年第4期20-26,共7页China Railway Science

基　　金：铁道部科技研究开发计划项目(Z2012-042)

摘　　要：为进一步提升我国高速铁路钢轨的性能,对比分析法国、德国、日本和我国高速铁路钢轨的技术标准、生产设备和工艺,以及试样的理化性能、几何尺寸和平直度等。结果表明:我国高速铁路钢轨的技术标准已跻身世界先进行列,钢轨的生产设备和工艺也已达到国际先进水平;国内外高速铁路钢轨的有害元素、氢氧氮含量、脱碳层、非金属夹杂物、硬度等均大致相当;我国U75VG钢轨的抗拉强度略高,而断后伸长率、断裂韧性和疲劳裂纹扩展速率略低,但均满足技术标准的要求;建议在非金属夹杂物、脱碳层深度、残余应力、轨端平直度等方面进一步提升我国生产高速铁路钢轨的工艺技术水平,并深入开展高速铁路钢轨成分优化、非金属夹杂物控制技术等方面的研究。To further improve the rail performance of the high speed railway in China, comparative analyses had been made on the technical standards, production equipment and technology for the rails of high speed railway as well as the physical b- chemical properties, geometry size and flatness ~ straight- ness of the samples between France, Germany, Japan and China. The results showed that, the technical standard, production equipment and technology of high speed rails in China had reached the top level in the world. The values of harmful elements, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen contents, decarburisation and non- metallic inclusion were roughly the same home and abroad. The U75VG rail made in China showed slightly higher tensile strength but slightly lower in elongation after fracture, fracture toughness and fatigue crack growth rate, which still could satisfy the requirements of technical standard. It is suggested that, the pro- duction technology for high speed rails in China should be further promoted in the control of nonmetallic inclusion, decarburisation, residual stress and the flatness ~ straightness of rail ends. Further study on the composition optimization and nonmetallic inclusion control of high speed rails is also recommended.

关 键 词：钢轨 技术标准 生产设备 工艺 性能 高速铁路 

分 类 号：U213.41[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]