草鱼幼鱼游泳能力及游泳行为试验研究  

Experimental study on swimming capability and swimming behavior of juvenile grass carp

作　　者：龚丽[1] 吴一红[1] 白音包力皋[1] 穆祥鹏[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京100038

出　　处：《中国水利水电科学研究院学报》2015年第3期211-216,共6页Journal of China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research

基　　金：中国水利水电科学研究院重点科研专项(水基本科研1443)

摘　　要：在28±1℃水温下，利用自制鱼类游泳行为试验装置，采用流速递增法，研究了体长5．0～15．0cm草鱼幼鱼的游泳能力和游泳行为。结果表明：该体长范围内的草鱼幼鱼临界游速在68—100cm／s之间，临界游速基本随鱼类体长增加而线性增长；在整个试验过程中，根据鱼类对水流流速的游泳行为响应，鱼类的摆尾频率随着水流速度的增加而线性增加，整个游泳过程分为4个阶段，每个游泳阶段的最大流速依次为临界游速的45．6％、82.8％、95．9％和100％。本研究成果可为四大家鱼游泳能力进行有益补充，也可为鱼道流速设计提供游泳能力参数。The swimming capability and swimming behavior of the juvenile grass carp （b1=5.0-15.0 cm） were tested using experiment apparatus by increasing velocity method at 28±1 ℃. The results show that the critical swimming speed of juvenile grass carp ranges from 68 to 100cm/s. There is a significant linear cor- relation between the critical swimming speed and fish body length, and the fitting function is described as Ucru=0.04BL＋0.476. According to the response of fish swimming behavior to the flow velocity, fish need to constantly adjust their behavior to adapt to the environment with the increasing of flow velocity. Their tail beat frequency （TBF） is roughly proportional to rising, and the entire testing process can be divided into four stages. The maximum swimming speed of each stage is about 45.6 %, 82.8 %, 95.9 % and 100 % of the critical swimming speed, respectively. The research results complement the swimming capability gaps of the four major chinese carps （FMCC）, and provide an important reference for the hydraulic design of fishway.

关 键 词：游泳能力 游泳行为 草鱼幼鱼 临界游泳速度 鱼道 

分 类 号：X174[环境科学与工程—环境科学]