老芒麦染色体组型分析  

Karyotype analysis and mitotic observation of Elymussibiricus

作　　者：郑慧敏[1] 毛培胜[1] 黄莺[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学动物科技学院草业科学系草业科学北京市重点实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《草业学报》2015年第8期225-230,共6页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：十二.五科技支撑课题(2011BAD17B01-02);草业科学北京市重点实验室共建项目资助

摘　　要：以老芒麦种子为材料,利用酶解-火焰干燥法来分析有丝分裂中期染色体核型,为老芒麦系统分类及育种工作提供科学依据。研究结果表明,老芒麦染色体数目为28条,13号染色体上有1对随体,臂比值大于2的染色体占7.14%,最长染色体与最短染色体比值为2.04,核型公式是2n=4x=28=24m+4sm(2SAT),不对称类型为2B。细胞有丝分裂呈现出间期、前期、前中期、中期、后期5个不同的时期。在分裂间期,细胞核染色均匀;到分裂前期时可以看到纤细状的网状染色体;进入分裂前中期,可辨别单个染色体;到分裂中期,染色体高度浓缩,姊妹染色单体及着丝点都清晰可辨;在分裂后期,姊妹染色单体分离。A study has been undertaken to determine the karyotype of Elymus sibiricus .The results showed that the chromosome number of E .sibiricus was 28,with a pair of satellites on the short arms of the 13 th chro-mosomes.Its karyotype formula is 2n =4x =24m+4sm (2SAT).The percentage of chromosomes with arm ratios over 2 was 7.14%,and the ratio of the longest to the shortest was 2.04.Its karyotype asymmetry is 2B. There were five phases (Interphase,Prophase,Prometaphase,Metaphase and Anaphase)in the process of mi-tosis.At interphase the nuclei were dyed homogeneously.During prophase the shape of the slender chromo-somes was visible.The individual chromosome could be identified clearly in the prometaphase.At metaphase the chromosomes highly concentrated and the chromatids and centromeres were distinctly visible.During ana-phase the chromatids separated and moved to the opposite poles.

关 键 词：老芒麦 核型 有丝分裂 

分 类 号：S543.9[农业科学—作物学]