茶王树的诉说:作为旅游吸引物被建构的过程及其折射的环境变迁  

Storytelling of the Tea Tree Kings: The Process of Social Construction as Tourist Attractions and the Environmental Changes They Reflect

作　　者：林清清[1] 保继刚[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学旅游管理学院,广东广州510631 [2]中山大学旅游发展与规划研究中心,广东广州510275 [3]中山大学旅游学院,广东广州510275

出　　处：《旅游学刊》2015年第8期77-87,共11页Tourism Tribune

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"旅游对区域人地关系主要构成因素影响机制的系统研究:以阳朔;喀纳斯;凤凰为例"(41171111);广东省自然科学基金项目"基于供给与需求匹配视角的茶文化旅游资源整合与开发研究--以广东省为例"(10451063101006376)资助~~

摘　　要：随着中国经济的迅速发展、人们生活方式和价值观念的变化、全球化和流动性的加强,处于相对封闭状态的云南西双版纳古茶山发生了翻天覆地的变化。文章在旅游发展背景下结合社会文化变迁,探讨西双版纳茶王树的生与死及作为旅游吸引物的茶树的发展变化过程,研究显示茶王树经历了3个阶段:仅具物理属性阶段,物理属性削弱、社会属性出现阶段再到物理属性削弱、社会属性增强的阶段。结合历时段分析、田野调查等方法,文章也提出了茶王树作为具有经济价值的作物、与社区利益紧密相关、产权属性多元化的文化遗产类旅游吸引物,其作为旅游吸引物被建构的过程体现了时代价值观念和意义的转移,这一社会建构的过程是连续的,而人地关系视野下的茶王树及古茶树群的可持续发展也遇到前所未有的挑战。With China＇ s reform and opening-up policy, the economy of China has become an important part of the world economy. This has greatly promoted the trend of globalization and mobility throughout China. Under this circumstance, the old Tea Tree Mountains in Xishuangbanna are uncovering their mysterious veil. Pu＇ er Tea existed for a long time in the history and was in its prime in the Qing Dynasty （1644-1912）due to the preference of the Royal family who are the nomadic group that enjoyed the Pu＇ er tea, which is quite helpful to digest meat food. During the later period of Qing Dynasty and the period of the Republic of China （1912-1949）, lots of tea was transported to Tibet in China, India, Vietnam, Hong Kong in China and many other places. Those routes for transportation are the famous ＂tea-horse trade roads＂. With the prosperity of the tea trade, there emerged many famous time-honored tea brands in Yiwu Town, which is the starting point of the ＂tea-horse trade road＂. However, the link between the old tea mountains and the outside world was cut off because of the closed policy after 1949. All the loose tea was sent to one state-owned tea factory, Menghai Tea Factory, and was used to make tea cakes and tea bricks. The tea products were then purchased and marketed solely by the state. After the late 1980s, due to the newly-established governmental policy, tea merchants and lovers of Taiwan and Hong Kongin China could visit China's Mainland to find the tea-producing regions. Moreover, the tea merchants and lovers from China's Mainland began their search of tea as well. The mobility and globalization of tea trade had hence restarted. In the context of man-land relationship, the sustainable development of the tea tree kings and the ancient tea tree groups are facing an unprecedented challenge due to the profit-seeking behaviors of the tea farmers, single cropping and the environmental changes. The fate of the four Tea Tree Kings represents different meanings of tea trees in different periods. Bas

关 键 词：旅游吸引物 文化遗产 茶王树 环境变迁 

分 类 号：F592.7[经济管理—旅游管理]