北京市职业高中学生离家出走情况及相关因素分析  

Prevalence and influencing factors of runaway from home status among occupational senior high school students in Beijing

作　　者：乌斯琴图亚[1,2] 宋逸[2] 段佳丽[3] 吕若然[3] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古医科大学公共卫生学院,呼和浩特010059 [2]北京大学医学部公共卫生学院 [3]北京市疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2015年第6期818-822,825,共6页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：教育部博士点新教师基金资助项目(20110001120102)

摘　　要：目的了解北京市职业高中生离家出走现状及其影响因素,为学校、社会及家庭采取干预和预防措施提供依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法,对北京市31所职业高中共5 445名学生进行问卷调查。问卷内容包括学生社会人口学资料和故意伤害行为、情绪反应、离家出走意念及行为等。结果女生离家出走意念报告率为36.1%,高于男生的27.9%,但曾经离家出走行为报告率则为9.3%,低于男生的13.8%(χ2值分别为42.22,27.46,P值均<0.01);高一学生离家出走意念及曾经离家出走行为报告率分别为35.4%和14.1%,均高于高二和高三学生(χ2值分别为28.47,37.69,P值均<0.01);核心家庭学生离家出走意念及曾经离家出走报告率为31.0%和9.2%,明显低于隔代家庭及重组家庭学生(χ2值分别为38.75,158.09,P值均<0.01)。离家出走行为报告率具有随家庭人均月收入增高而降低的倾向(χ2=27.08,P<0.01)。学习成绩差、过去30 d里被同学欺侮过、感到安全没保障、参与打架2次及以上以及常感到孤独、担心失眠等不良情绪反应的学生离家出走意念及行为报告率均高于无此行为或相应体验的学生(P值均<0.01)。多因素分析结果显示,女生、低年级、母亲文化程度为小学及以下、学习成绩差、隔代家庭、被同学欺侮过、参与打架2次及以上、常感到孤独及失眠等为离家出走行为及意念的可能危险因素(P值均<0.01)。结论高职学生离家出走行为现象严重,学校应针对离家出走的原因开展有效干预。促进家长与孩子的沟通能力,可能为减少离家出走行为的有效手段之一。Objective To explore the prevalence rate and the influential factors of runaway behavior and intention among occupational senior high school students in Beijing and to provide epidemiological evidence for future interventions. Methods The survey used stratified cluster sampling method to select 31 occupational senior high schools in Beijing. A total of 5 445 students e- ventually participated. Predictor variables included social demographic data, family type, family income per capita, educational lev- el of mothers, school achievements, accommodation status, intentional injury behaviors, emotional indicators, the intention and be- havior of running away from home. Results The reporting rate of intention of running away from home was significantly higher in girls （ 36.1%） , but the prevalence rate of the running away behavior was higher in boys （ 13.8% ） and the prevalence rate of both the intention and behavior, 35.4% and 14.1% respectively, were highest among the first grade students （P〈0.01）. Compared to other family structure, students with core family structure tended to be at lower risk to run awayl P〈0.01 ） ,the prevalence rate of both in- tention and behavior were 31.0% and 9.2% respectively. With the increase of family income per capita, the prevalence of running a- way behavior decreased. Lower school achievement, exposed to malicious fun by peers, safety is not guaranteed ,joining in fight and often not in a good mood are the main predictors （ P〈0.01 ）. Multivariate analysis showed that being male, in first grade, lower edu- cational degree of mothers, poor achievement, living in grandparents family, bullied, participated in fight, often feel lonely were the risk factors of runaway behavior. Conclusion Effective interventions for occupational senior high school students are needed at school based level. Health education for parents on promoting their communication ability with children may also be one ofthe effec- tive means.

关 键 词：离家潜逃行为 因素分析 统计学 精神卫生 学生 

分 类 号：B844.2[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学] R395.6[哲学宗教—心理学]