健康信念模式和自我效能理论在超重女中学生中的应用效果评价  

Application of health belief model and self-efficacy theory in overweight girls from middle school

作　　者：罗琳[1] 姚鑫[1] 黄娴[2] 

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学体育学院,贵阳550001 [2]贵阳医学院附属医院内科

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2015年第6期830-833,共4页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：贵州省教育厅自然科学基金项目(05022Z018)

摘　　要：目的探讨健康信念模式和自我效能理论教育对超重女中学生健康信念、自我效能、生活质量、生理生化指标以及身体成分的影响,为青春期学生超重和肥胖预防与治疗提供参考。方法 72例超重女中学生为前期在贵阳市4所寄宿中学筛查获得,随机均分为对照组和干预组,干预组进行健康信念和自我效能教育,对照组进行常规健康指导,随访1a考察两组受试学生的健康信念量表评分、自我效能量表评分、健康调查量表评分、生理生化指标及身体成分变化。结果干预组与对照组分别有35和36名学生完成随访。干预后,干预组学生健康信念评分总分(75.39±12.68)和自我效能量评分总分(82.74±13.45)均高于对照组(63.99±12.64,70.91±13.26),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-7.612,-8.166,P值均<0.05);干预组学生总体健康(76.74±15.42)、生命活力(68.36±17.87)、社会功能(75.38±19.16)、情感职能(71.21±18.32)、精神健康评分(74.04±15.07)均高于对照组(44.21±10.67,47.11±18.86,63.52±16.64,49.91±19.35,55.21±18.68),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-8.110,-7.614,-5.596,-8.612,-2.767,P值均<0.01);干预组学生身体脂肪百分比(22.2±3.7)%低于对照组(25.3±3.0)%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论健康信念模式和自我效能理论教育可以提高超重学生的生活质量,增强体重控制意念和效果,值得进一步实践和推广应用。Objective To assess effects of health belief model and self-efficacy theory on quality of life and general health among overweight female students life quality. Methods A total of 72 overweight female students were randomly divided into inter- vention group and control group. Intervention based on health belief and self-efficacy education was administered, Vo intervention was given to the control group has no intervention. Health belief, self efficacy, general health, physiological and biochemical inde- xes and body composition was assessed at baseline and 1 years after intervention. Results Totally 35 girls in intervention group and 36 girls from control group completed the follow-up. Compared with the control, health belief and self-efficacy among girls in the in- tervention group improved significantly （ P〈0.05）. General health, vitality, social function, emotional function and mental health were significantly higher in intervention group than those in the control group（ P〈0.01 ）. Body fat percentage decreased significantly in the intervention girls （ P〈0.05 ）. Conclusion Intervention based on health belief and self-efficacy model could improve quality of life, physical and mental health among overweight female students.

关 键 词：健康教育 超重 干预性研究 学生 

分 类 号：G479[文化科学—教育学] R195.2[文化科学—教育技术学]