基于生态系统服务消费的京承生态补偿基金构建方式  

Establishment of eco-compensation fund based on the consumption of ecosystem services for Beijing-Chengde

作　　者：刘某承[1] 孙雪萍[1,2] 林惠凤[3] 张彪[1] 朱跃龙[4] 李金亚[4] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国人民大学环境学院,北京100872 [4]北京市经济与社会发展研究所,北京100120

出　　处：《资源科学》2015年第8期1536-1542,共7页Resources Science

基　　金：北京市发展和改革委员会调研项目:"首都生态圈生态功能区划及生态建设重点问题研究"和"首都生态圈生态合作机制及案例研究";国家自然科学基金项目(41201586)

摘　　要：生态系统服务的外部性是构成生态补偿的理论基础之一。不同类型的生态系统服务"溢出"的惠及范围不尽相同,生态补偿基金的构成比例应以生态系统服务的流动和消费为基础。本文以北京-承德生态补偿为例,根据2010年首都生态圈遥感影像和相关调研与问卷资料,引入物理学中的场强模型,计算了承德市主要生态系统服务的惠及区域,并提出京承生态补偿基金的构成比例。计算发现,2010年承德市主要生态系统服务的价值为76.45亿元/年。其中,26.76%被承德本地消费,28.22%被北京消费,18.74%为全国共享,其余被天津、河北等地消费。因此,若在北京-承德生态补偿的框架下,根据生态系统服务价值的消费量来构成生态补偿基金,则中央、北京和承德的出资比例为0.70∶1.05∶1。Eco-compensation is an institutional arrangement used to adjust relations between different stakeholders through economic measures to conserve and/or sustainably use ecosystem services. The externality of ecosystem service value is one of the theoretical bases of eco-compensation. Different types of ecosystem services are consumed by people from different regions： some are consumed by local people, and some flow to another area via rivers, wind, vehicles and other natural and social factors. Thus, the flow and consumption of ecosystem services should be seen as the basis for eco-compensation fund establishment. Here, we use Beijing-Chengde eco-compensation as an example data from satellite images of the Capital Eco-sphere and a questionnaire survey in 2010 to discuss how to establish the eco-compensation fund among stakeholders. First, six important types of ecosystem services for Chengde City were recognized according to ecological function zoning （water conservation, wind prevention and sand fixation, air purification, soil conservation, carbon fixation and oxygen release, and habitat maintenance）. Second, based on ecological economic methods the value of these ecosystem services was calculated to be 7.645 billion CNY for Chengde＇ s main ecosystems in 2010. Third, a field intensity model was introduced to analyze ecosystem service flow to and from Chengde City. The results showed that 26.76% of these ecosystem services were consumed by local people, 28.22% flowed to and were consumed by Beijing, and 18.74% were shared by the whole region （e. g. habitat maintenance）. We conclude by discussing the rates that different stakeholders should invest in the eco-compensation fund according to eco-services consumption, which according to our analysis should be 0.70 ： 1.05 ： 1.00 by central government, Beijing and Chengde, respectively.

关 键 词：生态补偿 补偿基金 张承生态功能区 京承生态合作 首都生态圈 

分 类 号：F812.45[经济管理—财政学] X196[环境科学与工程—环境科学]