三城市校外青少年社会支持现状及影响因素  

The Status and Influential Factors for the Social Support of Out- of- school Adolescent in Kunming,Mangshi and Shenzhen

作　　者：白婧[1] 孙思伟 刘宝花[1] 李英华[3] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学公共卫生学院 [2]北京大学精神卫生研究所(第六医院),100191 [3]中国健康教育中心,北京100011

出　　处：《中国健康心理学杂志》2015年第9期1379-1384,共6页China Journal of Health Psychology

摘　　要：目的：研究云南昆明、芒市以及广东深圳三城市校外青少年社会支持状况及其影响因素,为校外青少年心理健康干预措施的提供依据。方法：采用非概率抽样中偶遇抽样的方法,对三城市862名15～24岁的校外青少年进行问卷调查,在SPSS软件的支持下描述校外青少年社会支持状况,采用t检验、方差分析和多因素线性回归分析的方法进行影响因素分析。结果：校外青少年的社会支持总得分为（35.67±7.15）;其中,主观支持得分（19.84±4.77）;客观支持得分（8.01±2.66）;对社会的利用度得分（7.82±1.96）;与校内青少年相比,男性校外青少年社会支持总得分、主观支持得分显著低于同龄男性学生（t=-4.877,-6.443;P〈0.01）;女性校外青少年社会支持总得分、主观支持得分和客观支持得分显著低于同龄女性学生（t=-3.349,-20.805,-2.205;P〈0.05）。影响因素分析发现,婚姻状况（β=0.137）、文化程度（β=0.115）是社会支持总得分的影响因素;对于主观支持,年龄（β=0.635）、文化程度（β=0.086）、收入（β=0.073）是其影响因素;婚姻状况（β=0.106）、文化程度（β=0.114）是客观支持的影响因素;性别（β=0.096）是支持的利用度分量表的影响因素。结论：三城市校外青少年社会支持水平较低,应加大对校外青少年社会支持的关注,通过联合多个部门、采取针对性的措施提高其社会支持水平。Objective： To learn the current status and influential factors for social support of out- of-school adolescent from Kunming and Mangshi in Yunnan Province and Shenzhen in Guangdong Province,so as to provide basis for the intervention to improve their psychological health. Methods： In total,862 teenagers aged 15- 24 participated in the questionnaire survey with accidental sampling. SPSS was utilized to analyze the status and influential factors of the social support; Student＇s t test,ANOVA and multiple linear regressions were used to analyze the influential factors. Results： The scores in total social support,objective support,subjective support and utilization of support were（ 35. 67 ± 7. 15）,（ 19. 84 ±4. 77）,（ 8. 01 ± 2. 66）,and（ 7. 82 ± 1. 96） respectively. Compared with students at the same age,both male and female out- of- school adolescents got lower scores in total social support and subjective support（ t =-4. 877,-6. 443,-3. 349,-20. 805; P〈0. 01）,and female out- of- school adolescents got lower score in objective support（ t =-2. 205; P〈0. 05）. Marital status（ β = 0. 137） and education background（ β= 0. 115） were influential factors for total social support; Age（ β = 0. 635）,education background（ β =0. 086） and income（ β = 0. 073） were for objective support; marital status（ β = 0. 106） and education background（ β = 0. 114） were for subjective support; and gender（ β = 0. 096） was the only one for utilization of support. Conclusion： The social support level of out- of- school adolescent from these three cities is quite low. More attention should be given to them as to the social support which should be improved through multi- sector cooperation and targeted measures.

关 键 词：校外青少年 社会支持 影响因素 社会支持评定量表 

分 类 号：B844.2[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]