古代两河流域苏美尔人的地下世界观  

The Sumerian's View of the Nether World in the Ancient Mesopotamia

作　　者：陈艳丽[1] 吴宇虹[2] 

机构地区：[1]曲靖师范学院中国铜商文化研究院 [2]东北师范大学世界古典文明史研究所

出　　处：《史学月刊》2015年第8期71-78,共8页Journal of Historical Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"两河流域乌尔王朝重要历史档案整理与研究"(10BSS005);"中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助:东北师范大学人文社会科学‘双十’项目‘中西文明历史经验中的公共社会价值观研究’子项目‘苏美尔文明的公共社会价值观’"

摘　　要：古代两河流域的苏美尔人认为人必然死亡,而且人死后将以灵魂的形式在地下世界继续存在。苏美尔人对地下世界的想象有两种互相矛盾的观点:一种认为地下世界是一处黑暗、荒凉而又虚无的地方,这反映了苏美尔人朴素的唯物主义死亡观;另一种观点则认为地下世界是一处与现实世界相平行的地方,死后灵魂在那里过着与生前相同的生活,这种地下世界观反应了苏美尔人的来世观念。苏美尔人眼中的地府是由神明们进行统治的,地府诸神均有各自的头衔和职能,他们形成了一套完善的地下世界行政管理体系。The Sumerian thought that people must be die and would continue to live in the Nether World as a soul. The Sumerian＇s image of the Nether World have two inconsistent views, one view regards the Nether World as a gloomy, desolation and insubstantial place, this view reflects the Sumerian^s simple and materialistic thanatopsis; the second view regards the Nether World as a place where is exactly parallel to the real world, where souls have the same life that they had when they were live, this view of Nether World reflects the Sumerian＇ s idea of the afterlife. The Sumerian thought the Nether World was ruled by gods. The gods of the Nether World all have title and responsibility, they formed a set of administrative system of the the Nether World. Some traditional gods of the Nether World also have the nature of the agricultural gods, this phenomenon shows that the Sumerian may symbolized the changing process of life by the growth, prosperous and falling of plants.

关 键 词：苏美尔人 地下世界 死亡观 地府神明 

分 类 号：B933[哲学宗教—宗教学]