崇明生态岛盐渍土稻田温室气体排放特征及温室效应评估  

Greenhouse effect evaluation and greenhouse gas emission characteristics of saline soil paddy field ecosystem in Chongming ecological island

作　　者：曹黎明[1,2] 潘晓华[2] 王新其[1] 赵志鹏[1] 李茂柏[1] 顾永平 程灿[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海市农业科学院作物育种栽培研究所,上海201403 [2]江西农业大学,南昌330045 [3]崇明县良种繁育技术推广中心,崇明202150

出　　处：《上海农业学报》2015年第4期28-33,共6页Acta Agriculturae Shanghai

基　　金：上海市科技兴农推广项目[沪农科推字(2012)第54号];上海市科委崇明科技攻关专项(10DZ1960101);上海市科技兴农转化项目[沪农科转字(2012)第1-2号]

摘　　要：采用静态密闭箱-气相色谱法,对崇明生态岛盐渍土稻田生态系统CO_2、CH_4和N_2O排放进行定位观测。结果表明:不同栽培方式下,稻田生态系统CO_2排放通量在整个水稻生长期变化呈现明显的双峰,CH_4和N_2O排放均呈现明显季节变化和日变化特征。不同处理CH_4在水稻生长季内排放均呈现三峰型态,N_2O则表现双峰型态。3种栽培方式稻田CH_4和N_2O排放通量较高为XB(穴直播),CZ(机插秧)与SB(撒直播)较低且接近。在穴播条件下,温室气体日变化观测表明,温室气体排放通量较高出现在13:00-15:00,早上和傍晚相对较低,呈现单峰型态,但在排放通量处于低水平时日变化近似直线型态;温室效应评估分析表明,不同栽培方式间的盐渍土稻田生态系统GWP差异相对较小,依次为XB>SB>CY。在试验处理综合总E_(CO_2)当量中,CH_4的GWPS占较大份额(>95%),降低稻田生态系统增温潜势重要途径以控制CH_4的排放量为主。A field experiment was conducted to from saline soil paddy field ecosystem in Chongming observational research the CO2 ,CH4and N2O gas emission ecological island by the static-chamber and gas chromato- graph（ GC）method. The results showed that CO2 emission flux showed two peaks during the whole rice growing period,CH4 and N20 emissions showed obvious seasonal variation and diurnal variation characteristics in paddy field ecosystem under different cultivation methods. CH4 emission flux of paddy field ecosystem showed three peaks type,and N2O showed two peaks type during rice growing period. CH4and N2O emission flux of XB was higher than CY and SB under three kinds of paddy cultivation method. Under the condition of hill-drop, emission flux of greenhouse gas was higher in 13：00--15：00 and lower in the morning and evening, showing single peak type,but it was approximate linear type when the flux emission was at a low level. Greenhouse effect evaluation results showed that the difference of ecosystem warming potential （GWP） in the paddy field ecosystem of saline soil were relatively small,with the order of XB 〉 SB 〉 CY. In the total Eco2 equivalent,GWPs of CH4 accounted for a larger share （ 〉 95 % ）of different experiments, Therefore, it was an important way to effectively reduce the GWPs of paddy field ecosystem by control of CH4 emissions.

关 键 词：盐渍土 稻田生态系统 温室气体 排放特征 温室效应 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]