空中交通管制员职业紧张及其影响因素分析  

Occupational stress of air traffic controllers and its influencing factors

作　　者：许弘佳 姚三巧[1,2] 刘弘扬 唐历华[4] 王忠旭[5] 

机构地区：[1]华北理工大学公共卫生学院,河北唐山063000 [2]新乡医学院公共卫生学院,河南新乡453003 [3]华北理工大学研究生学院,063000 [4]中国民航管理干部学院,北京100102 [5]中国疾病预防控制中心,102206

出　　处：《中国职业医学》2015年第4期396-402,共7页China Occupational Medicine

基　　金：校企合作开发项目(KL[2012]306)

摘　　要：目的了解空中交通管制员(ATC)职业紧张状况,分析其影响因素。方法采用整群抽样方法,以某空中交通管理局的489名ATC为调查对象,采用工作内容问卷(JCQ)和付出-回报失衡问卷(ERI)分别进行工作要求-自主失衡型和自感付出-回报失衡型职业紧张程度调查,并对其影响因素进行分析。结果 89.57%(438/489)的ATC存在工作要求-自主失衡型职业紧张;38.00%(186/489)的ATC存在自感付出-回报失衡型职业紧张。单因素分析结果显示,年龄、职称、个人月收入、工龄、工作岗位、对定期训练的看法、发生突发事件、发生不安全事件和睡眠时间等因素对ATC的JCQ和ERI的不同因子得分存在不同程度的影响(P<0.05),但仅个人月收入、工作岗位、对定期训练的看法和发生不安全事件对ATC的JCQ总分有影响(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,中/高级职称ATC的工作要求-自主失衡型职业紧张程度低于初级职称者(P<0.05),但其自感付出-回报失衡型职业紧张程度分别高于见习和初级职称者(P<0.05);塔台岗位ATC上述2种模式的职业紧张程度均高于区域岗位ATC(P<0.05),进近岗位ATC自感付出-回报失衡型职业紧张程度高于区域岗位ATC(P<0.01);认为定期训练弊大于利的ATC上述2种模式的职业紧张程度均高于认为定期训练利大于弊或利弊均衡的ATC(P<0.01);ATC的睡眠时间越短者越容易产生自感付出-回报失衡型职业紧张(P<0.01)。结论 ATC职业紧张程度较高,其主要影响因素包括工作岗位、职称、定期训练和睡眠时间。Objective To investigate the occupational stress status of air traffic controllers （ATC） and analyze its influencing factors. Methods By using cluster sampling method, 489 ATCs in an air traffic management bureau were selected as the investigation objects. The job content questionnaire （JCQ） and the effort-reward imbalance （ERI） questionnaire were used to measure work requirements-independent imbalance type and ERI type occupational stress levels separately and analyze the influencing factors. Results Of the 489 ATCs, 89. 57% （438/489） belonged to work requirements-independent imbalance type of occupational stress and 38.00% （ 186/489 ） were ERI type occupational stress. Univariate analysis showed that the factors of age, title, personal monthly income, length of service, job post, views on regular training, occurrence of emergency or unsafe events, and sleeping time had various degrees of influence on the different factor scores of JCQ and ERI （ P 〈 0.05 ） ; however, only the personal monthly income, job post, the views on regular training, and the occurrence of unsafe events showed influence on the JCQ total score of ATCs （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. Multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that the occupational stress level of work requirements-independent imbalance type of ATCs with intermediate/senior titles was lower than those of ATCs with junior titles （ P 〈 0.05 ） , but the level of ERI type occupational stress was higher than those of the probationers and junior titles （ P 〈 0.05 ）. The above 2 kinds of occupational stress levels of tower post ATCs were higher than those of area post ATCs （ P 〈 0.05 ） , while the ERI type occupational stress level of approach post ATCs was higher than that of area post ATCs （ P 〈 0.01 ）. The ATCs considering regular training had more disadvantages than advantages showed higher occupational stress level than those considering more advantages than disadvantages or the balance between advantages and disadvantages （P 〈 0.01

关 键 词：空中交通管制员 职业紧张 工作内容问卷 付出-回报失衡问卷 工作岗位 职称 训练 睡眠时间 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生] R395.6[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]