以学校合并促进教育质量均衡--坦桑尼亚基础教育发展改革  

Promotion of balance of educational quality:Policy reform and inspiration from school consolidation in Tanzania

作　　者：赵丹[1,2,3] 王怀秀[4] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学人文社会发展学院 [2]西北农林科技大学农村社会研究中心 [3]奥地利国际应用系统研究院 [4]北京师范大学教育管理学院

出　　处：《外国中小学教育》2015年第9期5-12,共8页Primary & Secondary Schooling Abroad

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目”我国义务教育均衡发展改革研究”(10JZD0036);国家自然科学基金项目青年基金项目“西北区域义务教育均衡发展与教育资源共享模式的构建研究”(71203180);教育部人文社科青年基金项目“学校布局调整背景下西部农村教学点问题研究”(12YJC880157)的研究成果

摘　　要：学校合并是均衡配置学区内教育资源的重要手段。其核心目标与义务教育均衡发展相一致,即不仅包括学校间教育人力、物力、财力资源的均衡配置,也包括基于结果公平的教育质量均衡。在教育发展改革中,教育质量均衡成为20世纪末坦桑尼亚学校合并政策的新方向。该国政府重新审视了学校合并的目标取向和政策背景,通过全面提高入学率和学业成绩、均衡各学校办学资源、提升地方管理人员的教育规划能力、鼓励公众参与等多项措施,促进教育质量均衡。在此基础上,教育当局构建基于教育质量均衡的学校合并政策分析框架,推进政策实施。这对我国后撤点并校时期义务教育均衡发展改革具有重要的借鉴意义。School consolidation is a kind of educational policy that re-locating the schools, and re-allocating educational resources, aiming at balanced distribution of education resource. The policy objectives include equilibrium allocation of human, material and financial resources, plus balance of educational quality based on outcome fairness. In the process of educational development of Tanzania, balance of educational quality has been the new direction of school consolidation in the end of 20s century. On th~ basis, the government re- examine the goal orientation and policy background of school consolidation, trying to take a number of measures such as balance education quality between city and rural areas, improve ability of education planning of local administrators, equally distribute educational recourses, improve participation of stake-holders, etc. In addition, the analytical framework of school consolidation policy was built, in order to push policy implementation. The experience of Tanzania is much useful for our country in terms of school mapping restructure in rural areas.

关 键 词：教育质量均衡 学校合并 政策改革 坦桑尼亚 

分 类 号：G639.425[文化科学—教育学]