试论美国司法审查的正当性基础  

From Anti-majority Puzzle to Anti-majority Proposition:Thoughts about the Legitimacy of U.S. Judicial Review

作　　者：高军东[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南师范大学法学院,河南新乡453000

出　　处：《河南师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2015年第4期49-53,共5页Journal of Henan Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：河南省哲学社会科学规划项目(2014CFX024)

摘　　要：司法审查制度的正当性一直受到各种挑战,而"反多数难题"就是其中最有力量的一个。"反多数难题"包括逻辑上两个递进的部分,即"与宪法相悖的法律是否无效"以及"这种是否无效的判断能够由非民选的法院作出"。这种挑战认为司法审查不具备民主正当性进而不具备正当性。目前针对这一挑战的回应路径主要有宪法权威论、政治过程论、司法节制论、多数司法论和实质民主论。民主并非唯一的正当性来源,司法审查制度的正当性基础在于"法治"而非"民主"。"反多数"不是"难题"而是"命题",是赋予司法审查制度的使命。The legitimacy of the judicial review system has been subject to challenges brought by Anti-majority Puzzle. Anti-majority Puzzle includes two sections： the first is that whether a law contrary to the constitution is valid or not？ The sec- ond is that is court authorized to decide whether the representative organs＇ legislature and administrative acts violate the consti- tution？ The present resolutions mainly include theory of constitutional authority, political process theory, the theory of judicial restraint and the theory of majority judicature. The legitimacy basis of the judicial review exists in ＂rule of law＂ rather than ＂democracy＂. ＂Anti-majority＂ is not a ＂puzzle＂ but a ＂proposition＂, which is a mission assigned to judicial review.

关 键 词：美国 司法审查 正当性 命题 民主 法治 

分 类 号：DF2[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]