地下滴灌不同土壤水分调控对马铃薯产量和灌溉水利用效率的影响  

Response of Potato Yield and Irrigation Water use Efficiency to Different Soil Water Control Under Subsurface Drip Irrigation

作　　者：冯棣[1] 刘晓菲[1] 康跃虎[1] 蒋树芳[1] 万书勤[1] 刘士平[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室,北京100101

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2015年第8期42-44,共3页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划项目(2011AA100507);国家科技支撑计划课题项目(2012BAD06B01;2012BAD08B02)

摘　　要：为了探索地下滴灌作物适宜的土壤水分调控方法,以马铃薯为研究对象,大田试验地下滴灌在滴灌带埋深为30cm的条件下,控制地下20cm处4个不同土壤基质势下限(-10、-30、-40、-50kPa)对马铃薯产量、块茎质量分级占比和灌溉水利用效率等的影响。结果表明,马铃薯的株高随着土壤基质势的降低而降低;土壤基质势分别控制在-10、-30和-40kPa以上时,马铃薯产量在处理间不存在显著差异,当土壤基质势降低到-50kPa之下时,马铃薯产量较-40kPa处理降低46.8%;-50kPa处理的灌溉水利用效率最高,其次是-30和-40kPa处理;-30kPa处理的马铃薯块茎高质量占比大幅高于其他处理。因此,当滴灌带埋设于地下30cm时,控制地下20cm深度处的土壤基质势下限为-30kPa时,可以取得最佳效果。该研究可为指导地下滴灌灌溉计划制订方法提供参考。In order to explore the proper soil moisture control index of underground drip irrigation,an experiment was carried out to study the response of potato yield,percentage of different tuber weights and irrigation water use efficiency to four soil matric potential（the soil matric potential at 20 cm depth underground was kept higher than-10,-30,-40,-50 kPa,respectively）under underground drip irrigation,where the lateral depth was 30 cm.The results showed that the potato height dropped with decreasing soil matric potential.No significant potato reduction occurred among-10,-30,and-40 kPa treatments,while the yield of-50 kPa treatment was lower than that of-40 kPa treatment by 46.8%.The maximum irrigation water use efficiency occurred in the-50 kPa treatment,followed by-30and-40 kPa treatments.The percentage of higher tuber weight was obviously the higher than the other treatments.In conclusion,the best situation occurred under the condition of controlling the soil matric potential at 20 cm depth underground higher than-30 kPa after the potato emerged when the lateral depth of underground drip irrigation was 20 cm.This study provides a reference for developing irrigation scheduling under subsurface drip irrigation.

关 键 词：马铃薯 土壤基质势 地下滴灌 灌溉水利用效率 灌溉制度 

分 类 号：S275.4[农业科学—农业水土工程]