基于多源卫星资料的京津唐城市群热环境研究  

Research on Heat Environment of Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan Urban Group Based on Multisource Satellite Data

作　　者：刘勇洪[1] 栾庆祖[1] 权维俊[2] 张硕[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京市气候中心,北京100089 [2]中国气象局京津冀环境气象预报预警中心,北京100089

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2015年第7期1150-1158,共9页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：高分气象遥感应用示范系统(一期);风云三号气象卫星应用示范系统工程;北京市气象局"城市气候评估"创新团队

摘　　要：基于FY-3A/B、MODIS/Aqua、NOAA18/AVHRR等多源卫星资料,利用地表热岛强度、热岛比例指数开展了京津唐城市群热岛时空变化分析研究,并结合Landsat-TM卫星资料提取的地表参数、气候背景参数和社会经济参数等开展了地表热场的成因分析研究。研究结果表明:地表热岛强度指标能有效反映京津唐城市群热岛的时空变化,热岛强度的大小与高温强弱没有直接关系,而且地表热岛强度只有在夜晚才与气温观测具有一致性,即冬季最强,夏季最弱;而在白天则呈相反规律。热岛比例指数估算显示2012年京津唐城市群热岛强度排名前3的分布是天津市辖区(0.86)、北京市辖区(0.85)和朝阳区(0.74),唐山市辖区也达到了0.50。热场成因分析表明不透水盖度是城市热岛差异的最重要下垫面因子,遥感陆表温度较现有气象观测更能显示城市热岛的空间分布,城市热岛强弱与国民生产总值、人口数、用水量和用电量都有比较明显的线性正相关关系(线性回归模型决定系数R2分别为0.513 1、0.485 3、0.483 6和0.306),而与人为热有明显的对数正相关关系(模型决定系数R2为0.672 3)。不透水盖度、人均用水量和年平均气温构成了城市热环境差异的主要影响因子(模型决定系数R2为0.80),反映了城市下垫面参数、社会经济活动和气候背景因素对城市热岛空间差异的共同影响。Based on FY-3A/B, MODIS/Aqua and NOAA18/AVHRR satellite data, using urban surface heat island intensity （UHII） and urban heat island proportion index （UHPI）, the temporal and spatial variation of urban heat island for Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan urban group region is monitored and analysed. And combined with land surface parameters such as vegetation cover and impervious surface cover by Landsat-TM satellite data, climate background factors such as mean air temperature and 0cm ground temperature and community economy factors such as GDP, population, water consumption, electricity consumption and anthropogenic heat, the causes of the difference of heat environmentamong different cities are analysed. Results show that the UHII estimated by different satellite data can reflect temporal and spatial variation of urban heat island. Value of heat island intensity on high temperature weather condition is not necessarily higher than on non-high weather condition. Change of urban heat island by remote sensing has consistency by meteorological observation only in night. That is, the heat island intensity is the highest in winter and is the lowest in summer, but on the contrary in day. The UHPI estimated in 2012 for different countries in Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan urban group region shows that Tianjin municipal district, Beijing municipal district and Chaoyang district are the first three high heat island intensity districts and the UHPIs are 0.86, 0.85 and 0.74, seperately. The UHPI of Tangshan district is also achieved 0.50. The analysis of the causes showes that impervious surface cover is most important underlying surface factor. Land surface temperature by remote sensing can reflects more spatial distribution of heat island than by meteorological observation. Heat island intensity for cities in Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area has linear positive correlation with GDP, population, water consumption, electricity consumption and the determination coefficientsR2 of the linear corresponding regression models are 0.5131, 0.4

关 键 词：热岛强度 热岛比例指数 时空变化 成因分析 不透水盖度 京津唐 

分 类 号：X16[环境科学与工程—环境科学]