大气污染物与绿化植物光合速率的关系研究  

Relationship between Net Photosynthetic Rate of Green Plants and Air Pollutants

作　　者：彭立[1] 杨振乾[1] 刘敏敏[2] 黄满红[2] 张翠翠[2] 杜勇立[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南省交通规划勘察设计院,湖南长沙410008 [2]东华大学环境科学与工程学院,上海201620

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2015年第7期1166-1170,共5页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：交通部运输部科技项目(2010-353-343-290);湖南省交通科技项目(200908;201105)

摘　　要：为了研究大气环境污染物与绿化植物光合速率的相关关系,以鸢尾(lris tectorum)、黄鑫(Jasminum mesnyi Hance)、山茶(Camellia japonica)、无患子(Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn)、红叶李(Prunus ceraifera cv.Pissardii)、复羽叶栾树(Koelreuteria bipinnata Franch)和三叶草(Trifolium)等7种常见绿化植物为研究对象,分析了绿化植物的光合速率及其叶片中有机酸浓度,同时采用SEM对其叶面结构进行了表征,并考察了大气环境污染物浓度,探讨了大气污染物和绿化植物光合速率之间的关系,以期为城市绿化提供理论参考。结果表明:所选择的7种绿化植物中,复羽叶栾树的光合速率最大,达到11.85μmol?m-2?s-1,三叶草的光合速率最小,最大仅为4.99μmol?m-2?s-1。所测植物中三叶草的的草酰乙酸含量最高,值为277.64μg?g-1。光合速率对草酰乙酸的浓度产生显著影响,与草酰乙酸呈显著负相关关系,与乙醛酸、α-酮戊二酸和丙酮酸的相关关系不显著,光合速率可以作为叶片中草酰乙酸的指示指标。PM2.5、O3、SO2、NO2浓度与无患子和三叶草的光合作用显著相关,和另外5种植物没有相关性,说明PM2.5、O3、SO2、NO2对这3种植物影响较大,而其它5种植物的耐受性较好。复羽叶栾树的气孔比三叶草的气孔多且大,导致了其光合速率较大,同时也说明叶面表面结构和气孔形状可能是导致环境污染因子致敏的原因。从绿化植物的净光合作用和耐污能力方面综合选择,这7种绿化植物中,宜选取复羽叶栾树作为绿化植物。The photosynthetic rates （PR） and organic acids oflris tectorum, Jasminum mesnyi Hance, Camellia japonica, Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn, Prunus ceraifera cv. Pissardii, Koelreuteria bipinnata Franch and Trifoliumwere investigated. The surface structures of these plants leaves were determined by SEM and concentrations of air pollutants were also acquired to compare the relationship between PR and air pollutants. Results showed that PR ofKoelreuteria bipinnata Franch is the highest （11.85μmol·m-2·s-1） of the seven selected plants andTrifolium is the lowest （4.99μmol·m-2·s-1）. Of all the selected plants, oxalacetic acid in Trifolium is the highest and attains 277.64μg·g-1. PR plays a big role in producing oxalacetic acid and they has a significant relationship with each other, but the relationship between PR, glyoxylic acid,α-Ketoglutaric acid and acetylformic acid is insignificant. PR can be indexed by oxalacetic acid. PM2.5, O3, SO2 and NO2 has significant impact on the PR ofSapindus mukorossi Gaertnand Trifolium. But the other five plants are more tolerant of these pollutants.Leaf pores ofKoelreuteria bipinnata Franch is bigger than that ofTrifolium ,which may cause increase of PR. It also indicates surface structure and shape of microscopic pores in the leaves may resulted in the tolerance of pollutants.Koelreuteria bipinnata Franch can be chosen as the suitable green plant among the seven selected plants for its PR and tolerance. The results can supply a scientific basis for green planting.

关 键 词：大气环境 光合作用 相关关系 绿化植物 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]