滇池流域入湖河流水文形貌特征对丰水期大型底栖动物群落结构的影响  

Influence of Hydromorphological Factors on Macrozoobenthic Communities in Streams of Lake Dianchi Basin in the Wet Season

作　　者：高喆[1] 曹晓峰[1,2] 樊灏 蒋大林[3] 黄艺[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学环境科学与工程学院,北京100871 [2]北京大学环境与能源学院,广东深圳518055 [3]西南大学地理科学学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2015年第7期1209-1215,共7页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2012ZX07501002-006)

摘　　要：河流水文形貌特征,作为决定物理生境的重要因子,与大型底栖动物群落关系密切。了解水文形貌特征对大型底栖动物的影响,对于完善环境因子对大型底栖动物群落影响研究具有重要意义。论文以滇池流域大型底栖动物群落为研究对象,旨在识别与流域大型底栖动物群落结构变化密切相关的河道水文形貌因子和河岸带水文形貌因子,并解析两类因子对底栖群落的相对影响。基于2012─2013年滇池流域55个河段大型底栖动物群落和水文形貌变量数据,利用典范对应分析(Canonical correspondence analysis,CCA)和偏典范对应分析(Partial canonical correspondence analysis,p CCA)识别影响大型底栖动物群落结构的关键因子并探讨河道水文形貌和河岸带水文形貌因子的相对重要性。结果显示,影响大型底栖动物群落结构的关键河道水文形貌因子为底质组成、河道人工化情况、河道坡降和水温,总解释量为21.6%;影响大型底栖动物群落结构的关键河岸带水文形貌因子为林地比例和其它用地比例,总解释量为9.2%。研究结果表明,河道水文形貌因子比河岸带水文形貌因子对于大型底栖动物群落结构特征的影响更为重要,这对于提高湖泊流域生物监测水平、优化水生态系统健康评价和保护底栖动物多样性具有重要意义。The structure of macrozoobenthic communities was shaped by multiple types of environmental factors. The hydromorphological factors, determining the physical habitats, were closely related with macrozoobenthic communities. In the context of lack of corresponding researches, understanding hydromorphological influences on macrozoobenthic communities was valuable for extending our knowledge concerning relationships between macrozoobenthic communities and environmental factors. Based on the ecological investigation in the wet season from 2012 to 2013, the aims of our study were to identify the key factors in channel and riparian habitats related to macrozoobenthic communities and determine which type of factors were more important in explaining the variation of macrozoobenthic communities. Canonical correspondence analysis was ued to identify the key factors influencing the whole communities. Partial canonical correspondence analysis was also applied to compare the relative importance of the hydromorphological factors in channels and those in riparian zones in structuring macrozoobenthic communities. The Canonical Correspondence Analysis （CCA） results showed that the key hydromorphological variables related to substrate, channelization, slope, water temperature, forest percentage and other landuse percentage, which explained 36.2% of the variance of the macrozoobenthic communities in total. Forest percentage and other landuse percentage represented the selected riparian variables and contributed only 9.2% to the changes of macrozoobenthic communities while the other four factors explained 21.6%. It was concluded that the hydromorphological factors in channel environments played a more important part in structuring macrozoobenthic communities than those in riparian environments, which will be of great importance to biological monitoring, ecosystem health assessment and diversity conservation for macrozoobenthos.

关 键 词：大型底栖动物群落 水文形貌 丰水期 滇池流域 

分 类 号：X17[环境科学与工程—环境科学]