水体无机碳升高对蓝绿藻生长和种群竞争的影响研究进展  

A Review on the Effect of Inorganic Carbon on Blue-green Algae Growth

作　　者：张君枝[1] 王齐[1] 马文林[1] 陈汉[1] 赵远玲[1] 张艳娜[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京应对气候变化研究和人才培养基地//城市雨水系统与水环境教育部重点实验室//北京建筑大学,北京100044 [2]中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京100083

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2015年第7期1245-1252,共8页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(51408022);北京市优秀人才培养资助项目(2013D005017000009)

摘　　要：蓝绿藻是水体中浮游植物的重要组成部分,也是淡水与海洋生态系统中主要的初级生产者,近些年来,随着CO2排放的日益增加,全球气候发生着巨大的变化,极端气候事件频发,对水体中的无机碳含量也带来了影响,甚至直接影响了蓝绿藻的CCM机制。该机制能使细胞在核酮糖磷酸羧化氧化酶(Rubis CO)固碳位点提高CO2浓度,以增加光合作用和减少光呼吸。文章以大气CO2浓度升高带来的气候变化为大背景,首先叙述了不同形态无机碳在开放水体中的平衡,阐述了大气、水体、底泥等水环境中碳循环过程及其对藻类产生影响的各种作用,总结了近年来模拟环境无机碳浓度增加的各种实验模拟技术及大气CO2浓度升高对蓝绿藻生长及种群竞争的研究方法的进展。通过对蓝绿藻利用无机碳的碳浓缩机制的机理的研究,无机碳进入蓝绿藻主要通过卡尔文循环,在碳酸酐酶的作用下,HCO3-、CO32-形态的无机碳可以转变为CO2,提高了Rubis CO周围的CO2浓度,提高了藻利用无机碳的效率,但同时蓝绿藻的上述CCM机制也受到p H、光照、N、P等因素的影响。在此理论基础上讨论了无机碳对蓝绿藻细胞结构、细胞大小和个体增殖等方面的影响。研究发现,高浓度CO2促进细胞结构中蛋白核的增大,而细胞体积较小的藻类对CO2浓度响应更明显。由于CO2能被蓝绿藻细胞直接利用,因此CO2更能促进藻细胞个体的增殖。地表天然水体的p H在中性-弱碱性范围,因而更多的研究集中于蓝绿藻细胞对CO2、HCO3-的利用,继而直接影响了蓝绿藻的CCM机制。综上,虽然气候变化的影响已经有不少的研究,但是气候变化对于蓝绿藻的碳利用机制及细胞的微观变化的影响以及蓝绿藻在生长以及水华形成过程中对气候变化CO2浓度升高的响应机制仍需要进一步深入的研究。The blue-green algae is one kind of the important components of phytoplankton in waterbodies. It is also the main primary producer of freshwater and marine ecosystems. In recent years, with the increase of CO2emission to atmosphere, the global climate is changing significantly. The frequent extreme weather events exert great impact on the concentration of dissolved organic carbon in waterbodies, as a consequence, CO2-concentrating mechanism （CCM） of algae is affected. Through CCM, the concentration of CO2 could be increased located at RubisCO of the algae cells, in order to promote the photosynthesis and diminish light respiration of algae. Based on the climate change due to the increase of CO2 concentration, the equilibrium among inorganic carbon in different forms in open waterbodies was first described in this review. The carbon recycling processes in waterbodies and their effect on the algae was then analyzed. Various experimental simulation technology of the elevated inorganic carbon concentration in the environment as well as the research method of the algae growth and species competition with the elevated CO2 concentration were also summarized.According to the researches on the CCM of blue-green algae, inoraganic carbon enter the blue-green algae via the Calvin Cycle. Under the catalysis of carbonic anhydrase, HCO3- and CO32-as the form of inorganic carbon could be transformed into CO2, which increases the CO2 concentration around RubisCO and the inorganic carbon utilization efficiency of algae. However, CCM of algae is also affected by pH, illumination, nitrogen and phosphorus, etc. Based on this theory, the effect of inorganic carbon on the cell structure, size and the individual cell proliferation of blue-green algae was summarized.Some researchers indicated that CO2 with high concentration could promote the growth of nuclear protein of algae cells, and this phenomenon is much significant for the algae cells with small size. Since the CO2 could be directly utilazed by blue-green algae, CO2 play a mo

关 键 词：气候变化 无机碳 蓝绿藻 CO2浓缩机制 

分 类 号：X17[环境科学与工程—环境科学]