榆林地区与关中平原清代旱灾对比研究  

Comparison of drought disaster between Yulin area and Guanzhong Plain in Qing Dynasty

作　　者：罗小庆[1] 赵景波[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学旅游与环境学院,陕西西安710062 [2]中国科学院地球环境研究所黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室,陕西西安710075

出　　处：《自然灾害学报》2015年第4期120-127,共8页Journal of Natural Disasters

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(11&ZD097);中国科学院黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室项目(SKLLQG1214)

摘　　要：通过对榆林地区和关中平原清代(1644-1911年)历史资料的搜集和整理,对这两个地区旱灾进行了研究和对比。结果表明,在清代的268年里,榆林地区发生旱灾66次,平均每4.1年发生1次,其中轻度旱灾、中度旱灾、大旱灾和特大旱灾各发生22次、38次、4次和2次。关中平原发生旱灾89次,平均每3.0年发生1次,其中轻度旱灾、中度旱灾、大旱灾与特大旱灾分别为29次、41次、14次和5次。关中平原旱灾频次是榆林地区的1.3倍。榆林地区清代旱灾主要发生在秋季,关中地区的旱灾主要发生在夏季,两个地区清代旱灾均可分为两个阶段,早期为旱灾少发阶段,晚期为旱灾多发阶段。年平均降水量显著减少是造成这两个地区旱灾发生的主要原因。Based on collection and compilation of historical data on drought in Yulin area and Guanzhong Plain in Qing Dynasty （A. D. 1644 -1911 ） , drought disasters in these two areas were analyzed and compared. The results showed that during 268 years of Qing Dynasty, the drought happened 66 times in Yulin area, with average once ev- ery 4.1 years. The drought disasters happened 22, 38, 4 and 2 times for mild, middle, great and serious levels, respectively. While the drought clearly recorded in Guanzhong Plain were 89 times, with average once every 3.0 years. The drought disasters happened 29, 41, 14 and 5 times for mild, middle, great and serious levels. The number of drought in Guanzhong Plain was 1.3 times of that in Yulin area. It seemed that most drought occurred in autumn in Yulin area, while in summer in Guanzhong Plain. In regard to temporal distribution, trend of drought disasters in Yulin area and Guanzhong Plain during Qing dynasty could be divided into two stages： early period with low frequency and late period with high frequency. Most of the drought in Yulin area and Guanzhong Plain were caused by decreasing of precipitation. Various preventive measures should be taken according to the difference of drought disasters in Yulin area and Guanzhong Plain.

关 键 词：榆林和关中地区 清代 旱灾频次与等级 气候事件 旱灾成因 

分 类 号：X43[环境科学与工程—灾害防治]