日语称呼言语行为中的集团内外意识探究  

A Study of In-out-groupness in Japanese Addressing Speech Act

作　　者：康俊英[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西师范大学现代文理学院外语系,山西临汾041004

出　　处：《赣南师范学院学报》2015年第4期78-83,共6页Journal of Gannan Teachers' College(Social Science(2))

基　　金：山西省归国留学人员基金项目资助(晋留管办发[2002]16号)

摘　　要：称呼是言语交际的重要组成部分,它能最直接地反映交际者之间的社会关系和社会地位,称呼的使用受"权势""对等"、社交距离等多种因素制约,交际者只有准确判断,并依此来选择称呼才能保证交际的顺利进行。但在以差序格局、集团意识为主要特征的日本文化中,集团意识超出了其他文化中构成"权势"的年龄、社会地位等而成为决定称呼的主要因素,一旦与集团外部人员接触,人们往往忽略集团内部的上下关系而优先考虑内外关系。受集团意识影响,在集团内部交往中,交际者遵循上尊下卑的称呼准则,但与集团外人员进行交际,则须使用内外有别、贬己尊他的称呼策略。Address,as a reflection of the social relationship and social positions of participants,is an important part in verbal communication. The choice of address is determined by factors such as power,solidarity,distance,etc. To ensure the success of communication,participants have to make proper judgment and choose proper address forms. In Japanese society characterized by hierarchical social structure and in-out-group-consciousness,the latter overweighs all the other factors such as age and social position that constitute power,and becomes a critical factor that determines the choice of address forms. Influenced by the sense of group,within the group,people observe the principle of respecting the superior and humbling the inferior. However,when it comes to communication with outsiders,in-and-out group consideration takes priority,people follow the principle of in-out-group distinction,showing respect to outgroup members by depreciating oneself.

关 键 词：称呼语 权势对等 集团意识 内外有别 贬己尊他 

分 类 号：H36[语言文字—日语]