孤独谱系障碍患儿父母压力和家庭功能的特点及相关研究  

Characteristics and correlation of parenting stress and family function about autism spectrum disorder family

作　　者：吕桃 杨曹骅[1] 杜亚松[1] 刘文文[1] 张林娜 姜凌霄 李彩霞[1] 郝丽丽 李梦瑶[1] 周慧鸣 程永琛 文竹 李改智 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学医学院附属精神卫生中心,上海200030

出　　处：《中国儿童保健杂志》2015年第9期916-919,923,共5页Chinese Journal of Child Health Care

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)(2010CB529602);上海市科委重要项目(11411952401);上海交通大学医工交叉重点项目(YG2013ZD0503)

摘　　要：目的探讨孤独谱系障碍(autism spectrum disorder,ASD)患儿父母压力和家庭功能的相关性,对改善家庭困境及患儿预后提供参考依据。方法采用父母压力指数量表(Parenting Stress Index,PSI)、家庭功能评定量表(Family Assessment Device,FAD)对ASD患儿父母进行评定。结果 1)不同性别患儿父母在接受度、要求、角色限制差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同学龄期患儿父母在注意缺陷/多动、适应性、心境、接受度、要求、依恋以及压力总分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),低收入家庭与高收入家庭在多个维度间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2)学龄前患儿父母的问题解决能力强于学龄期患儿父母(P<0.05);较高收入组在问题解决、角色、情感反应、行为控制、总体功能方面明显优于较低收入组(P<0.01);3)父母压力与父母亲受教育年限及家庭收入呈负相关,与患儿年龄及家庭功能量表的得分呈正相关;父母压力主要受母亲受教育年限、家庭功能中的行为控制以及总体功能影响。结论家庭在养育ASD患儿时存在一定的压力,养育男性患儿承受的压力更大,同时家庭收入也在一定程度上影响父母压力及家庭功能;并且家庭功能越差父母承受的压力越大。Objective To explore the correlation between parental stress and family function of autism spectrum disor- der （ASD） children. Method Parents of 307 ASD children completed general demographic questionnaire,Parenting Stress Index （PSI）, Family Assessment Device （FAD）. Results 1） The differences of PSI scores of acceptability, demanding- ness, role restriction were statistically significant （P〈0.05） between parents of male and female ASD children;PSI scores of distractibility/hyperactivity, adaptability, mood, acceptability, demandingness, attachment and the total stress score were sig- nificantly different between parents of preschool and school age ASD children （P〈0. 05） ,PSI scores of multiple dimension were significantly different between low-income families and the higher income group （P〈0. 05） ;2）The problem solving a- bility of families of preschool ASD children was stronger than that of school age ASD children （P〈0. 05） ;The family func- tions of higher income group in problem solving, roles,affective responsiveness behavior control and the general functioning as evaluated by FAD scale were significantly better than the lower income group （P^0.05）~3）The parental pressure was negatively correlated with parental years of education and household income, but positively correlated with the age of patients and all the subscales of FAD. The parental pressure was mainly affected by mother＇s years of education,the behavior control and the general functioning of FAD. Conclusions Family is under certain pressure in the upbringing of children with ASD,the pressure is even larger with male ASD children, meanwhile, the parental pressure and family function are effected by family income; The worse family function is,the bigger parents pressure will be.

关 键 词：孤独谱系障碍 父母压力 家庭功能 相关性 

分 类 号：R749.94[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]