存在空箱调运的非对称运输市场定价策略研究  

Optimal Pricing in an Asymmetric Transportation Market with Empty Equipment Repositioning

作　　者：张晓娟[1] 张盛浩[1] 王维娜[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学管理学院过程控制与效率工程教育部重点实验室,机械制造系统工程国家重点实验室,陕西西安710049

出　　处：《运筹与管理》2015年第4期163-171,共9页Operations Research and Management Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(71271167);国家自然科学基金青年基金资助项目(70901062);教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划(NCET-13-0465);国家科技支撑计划(2012BAH08F06)

摘　　要：考虑空箱调运成本,本文对垄断和双寡头市场分别研究运输企业在两条相向路径上的定价问题。对于垄断市场,建立了运输企业最优定价策略,并刻画出无空箱调运的潜在需求不平衡区间。对于双寡头市场,考虑同一路径上不同企业潜在运输需求不等的现实情境,求解了非对称企业的伯川德纳什均衡,给出最优定价策略。研究发现,无空箱调运并不意味着较高利润,运输企业没有必要刻意消除空箱调运现象。另外,增加单位载货运输成本和竞争强度会降低企业利润,而提升单位空箱重置成本、价格敏感度和市场不对称程度都会增大企业利润。This paper studies how to price transportation service between two locations in monopoly and duopoly markets, respectively. Because equipment is necessary in facilitating the transportation service, the cost of empty equipment repositioning is inevitable when the realized demands along opposite directions are unbalanced. In ease of a monopoly market, we derive the optimal pricing strategy and identify the range of unbalanced potential demands under which the firm achieves balanced realized demands. In ease of a duopoly market, we assume that two competing firms have different potential demands along the same transportation direction. The Bertrand com- petition is analyzed and the optimal pricing strategy is derived. We find that profit may be higher when firms reposition some empty equipment, which implies it is unnecessary to achieve balanced realized demands on pur- pose. Furthermore, profit decreases with unit loaded equipment movement cost and competition intensity, and increases with unit empty equipment repositioning cost, price sensitivity and the asymmetric degree of two firms＇ potential demands.

关 键 词：空箱调运 垄断 双寡头 非对称市场 定价 

分 类 号：F272[经济管理—企业管理]