基于构式语法视角的英汉存在句对比研究  

A Comparative Study of English and Chinese Existential Sentences under the Framework of Construction Grammar

作　　者：马雯 

机构地区：[1]四川工商学院外国语学院,四川成都611745

出　　处：《西昌学院学报（社会科学版）》2015年第3期53-57,共5页Journal of Xichang University：Social Science Edition

摘　　要：存在构式是语言学中普遍的语言现象,本文选取了构式语法理论作为理论基础,对英汉存在句的构式进行对比分析,以挖掘二者的本质差异。研究结果发现:1句首部分方面,英语存在构式由there引导,有固定的形式、意义及位置,且there仅作主语,而非主题;汉语存在构式中句首部分则由方位短语或时间短语引导,形式、意义非固定但位置固定,且句首短语既是主语又是主题。2动词方面,英语存在构式中的动词作为必备要素出现,而汉语中动词存在的必要性则取决于不同的语境条件,若一旦出现,将直接决定构式的动态或静态属性,作用至关重要。Existential construction is a common phenomenon in linguistics. This thesis is designed to make a comparative study of existential sentences in English and Chinese under the framework of Construction Grammar, trying to explore the nature of English and Chinese existential sentence. The major findings yielded in this study are summarized as follows： 1） the initial part in English existential sentence is a fixed there, which has a fixed form, fixedmeaning and fixed position, and is only used as a subject, but not a topic; while the initial part in Chinese existential sentence is a locative phrase or a temporal phrase which has a fixed position but no fixed form and meaning, the initial part is both the subject and the topic. 2）verb is an essential factor in English existential sentence, but not an essential factor in Chinese existential sentence, in Chinese its occurrence is decided by the context. Once verb occurs in construction, it will play a key role in construction and there will be interaction between verbs and construction.

关 键 词：构式语法 存在句 英语 汉语 

分 类 号：H314[语言文字—英语]