需求不确定且依赖于价格下全球供应链数量折扣及其组合契约  

Quantity Discount and Its Combined Contract for Global Supply Chain under Uncertain and Price- Dependant Demand

作　　者：赵正佳[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学经济管理学院,四川成都610031

出　　处：《管理工程学报》2015年第3期90-99,共10页Journal of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management

基　　金：国家社会科学基金资助项目(10BGL023);教育部人文社会科学研究项目资助基金(08JA630071)

摘　　要：针对生产周期长销售期短的易逝品,需求不确定且依赖于价格,开展了利率平价理论下全球供应链数量折扣契约的研究。需求按加法形式描述,随机变量服从均匀分布,文中给出了最优销售价格、最优订货量的具体形式,设计了协调全球供应链的数量折扣契约。研究表明:单独的数量折扣契约可以实现供应链利润最大化,但不能实现供应链协调,数量折扣和转移支付的组合不但能实现供应链利润最大化,而且可以实现供应链的协调。相对于不考虑汇率变化情况,通过利率平价理论预期远期汇率然后确定数量折扣率和转移支付等契约参数,可以进一步提高全球供应链协调后的最大利润,更好地实现全球供应链的协调。Quantity discount contract is widely used in practical management and is paid much attention by management research. Until now, there is a lack of research on the quantity discount contract for supply chain under uncertain and price-dependant demand. On the other hand, when formulating contract the global supply chain contract should take some international finance and/or trade factors into account, in addition to the usual factors of the supply chain in one country. So far, those international finance and/or trade factors are ignored by nearly all related researches on supply chain contract. Products with short life cycle but long production time has uncertain demand and their demand depends on selling price. This paper investigates the quantity discount and its combined contract for global supply chains based on the theory of interest rate parity. For the additive demand case, which random variable obeys uniform distribution, the quantity discount contract for supply chains is developed from two aspects. Firstly, the contract with quantity discount is developed under uncertain and price-dependant demand. Also, the combined contract with quantity discount and the transfer payment are designed to coordinate the supply chain. Secondly, the paper pays attention to the global supply chain which takes exchange rate, international transport cost and tariff into account. In this paper, four decision models are proposed： decentralized decision-making with no contract, centralized decision-making, quantity discount, the combined contract with quantity discount, and transfer payment. On the basis of the results of Nicholas, the optimal selling price, the optimal order quantity, and the expected profit of each party of the supply chain are obtained for each decision-making model. The results are shown as follows：（1） For the random demand in the additive form, which is subject to uniform distribution, the optimal selling price and the optimal order quantity are obtained. The contract with quantity discount, that is�

关 键 词：不确定需求 全球供应链 数量折扣 组合契约 

分 类 号：F274[经济管理—企业管理]