塔尔寺古建筑的雷电环境分析与防护措施  

Analysis of the lightning environment and protective measures to protect the ancient buildings of Taer Lamasery

作　　者：杨成山[1] 辛延俊 王军[1] 蔡忠周[1] 袁延得 

机构地区：[1]青海省雷电灾害防御中心,青海西宁810001

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2015年第3期20-25,共6页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

摘　　要：青海塔尔寺具有很高的佛教历史和文物价值,但在2011年8月30日由于雷电波侵入,造成了塔尔寺的时轮坛城和大吉哇殿内的消防、安防及低压配电系统部分设备遭雷击损坏,也严重威胁到僧侣、游客的安全。因此,对塔尔寺古建筑实施雷电防护已是非常必要和十分紧迫。为此,在分析塔尔寺所在的地理环境、气候特点、雷暴特征、雷击风险评估结果等基础上,提出了对塔尔寺古建筑采取内部防护和外部防护相结合的综合防护措施:外部防护采用通过在塔尔寺雷暴路径上安装一定高度的避雷针来提前接闪拦截,再由建筑物天面安装的避雷带进行二次接闪,从而有效预防和减少塔尔寺建筑物遭受直接雷击。内部防雷采用屏蔽、合理布线、等电位连接、电源和其他进出建筑物的线路上安装电涌保护器等方法,预防和减少感应雷、雷电波侵入造成的危害。事实表明,避雷措施是可行的,能预防建筑物、人员免受雷击。对于与塔尔寺有类似环境的古建筑的防雷电有参考价值。Taer Lamasery is of very high value because of its Buddhist historical and cultural importance. The elec- trical storm of August 30, 2011 caused some damage to the fire security equipment and high voltage distribution system at ShiLuntan and DaJiewa Hall. Potential lightning strikes seriously threaten the safety of monks and tourists. An anti - lightning protective system is very necessary and is urgently needed for the historic buildings of Taer Lamasery. Based on the characteristics of the buildings＇ geographical environment, climate features and risk of lightning strikes, new protection measures, both internal and external, are proposed. The external protective system consists of a lightning rod installed in the path of lightning so as to meet flash in advance, and a protection zone installed on the top of the building to meet the secondary flash. In this way, the external protective system effectively prevents or reduces the direct lightning strikes. The internal lightning protection system utilizes the techniques of shielding, appropriate wiring, equipotential connections, and power and surge protectors at the entrance and exit routes of the building. The internal protective system prevents and reduces the danger of inductive electric wave invasion. Analysis shows that proposed lightning protective system at the Taer Lamasery is feasible, and has great reference value for protection of other ancient buildings with similar environment.

关 键 词：塔尔寺 雷电环境 防护措施 

分 类 号：X4[环境科学与工程—灾害防治] TU-8[艺术—艺术设计]