场域:旅游研究新视角  

Field: A New Perspective of Tourism Research

作　　者：宋秋[1] 杨振之[2] 

机构地区：[1]乐山师范学院旅游学院,四川乐山614000 [2]四川大学历史文化学院,四川成都610064

出　　处：《旅游学刊》2015年第9期111-118,共8页Tourism Tribune

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"青藏高原旅游人类学研究"(13FMZ001)资助~~

摘　　要：旅游资源已经成为一种资本,自然资本和文化资本是其具体形态。东道主、游客之间的交往并非单纯的个人之间的互动交往,而是由特定资本的分配情况所决定的位置之间的客观关系的反映,他们在惯习的引导下展开对特定利益的争夺,由此构成Bourdieu所说的"场域"。旅游场域是发生在游客惯常环境之外的,依据资本在东道主各方(包括当地政府、社区居民、旅游投资者、旅游开发商、旅游经营者等)以及游客中的分配情况而形成的不同位置之间的客观关系的空间。文章从场域理论出发,揭示了旅游资源的资本属性,东道主和游客身处的位置和行动策略,解释了东道主与游客文化冲突的起因以及文化调适的过程与结果。最后以西藏手工艺人与游客为例,运用场域理论揭示隐藏在旅游现象背后的规律性。The famous French sociologist and anthropologist Pierre Bourdieu proposed field theory. In the view of Bourdieu, field is a network or a configuration of objective relations between positions, which reflects the deference in terms of numbers and structure of capital that occupied by agents. Agents in field compete for capital in the guide of habitus. Habitus is a structuring mechanism that operates from within agents. It generates from field and in turn changes or influences field. Habitus is, in Bourdieu＇ s words, the strategy-generating principle enabling agents to cope with unforeseen and ever-changing situations. This paper uses field theory to reveal the capital nature of tourism resources, and the position of the host and tourist together with their behavioral strategies. It also explores the causes of cultural conflict between the host and tourist, and the process and result of cultural adaption. Taking a case study of the relationship between Tibetan craftsmen and tourists, the paper uses field theory to clarify the laws underpinning the tourism phenomenon. The paper concludes that in the age of traveling, tourism resources are now regarded as a form of capital, either natural capital or cultural capital. With economic capital and human capital, the host-owned natural capital and cultural capital are combined and integrated into tourism products in a certain form and pattern. By selling the products to the tourist, the host successfully transforms the natural and cultural capital into economic capital. The contact between the host and tourist is not simply a personal interaction, but is an objective reflection of position determined by the allocation of the particular capital. Bourdieu referred to social norms or ＇habitus＇, which is a system of lasting and transposable dispositions. Integrating past experiences, it functions at every moment as a matrix of perceptions, appreciations and actions and makes possible the achievement of infinitely diversified tasks. In the power interplay between the host

关 键 词：场域 旅游场域 文化调适 

分 类 号：F590[经济管理—旅游管理]