刑法中“组织、领导”行为类型探究  

An Exploration on Organizational Behavior and Leadership Behavior in the Criminal Law

作　　者：刘博[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学法律硕士学院,重庆401120

出　　处：《西南石油大学学报（社会科学版）》2015年第5期75-85,共11页Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Social Sciences Edition)

摘　　要：组织、领导行为作为我国刑法所规范涉罪行为类型中少有的集实行性与非实行性于一身的特殊行为样态,不仅关系着总则中特殊共犯类型主体的身份界定、刑事责任承担,更是决定着分则中具体个罪的犯罪构成,其丰富的内涵及复杂多变的存在状态须得到系统关注。通过对我国刑法分则452个罪名的整合梳理,在尚不涵盖评价聚众犯罪中首要分子行为手段的前提下,单以组织、领导特定行为为模式的成罪罪名即达十几项之多,基础行为概念已然不能满足对上述所规范组织、领导行为的认知,具体行为内涵应作更为清晰、深刻的区分阐释。组织、领导行为的独立归罪颠覆了其身居幕后的"传统"属性,因此立法的选择使我们必须尤为注意成罪的正当根据,即在把握入罪同异规律的同时考量国家阶段性刑事政策精神的变迁进程。实践中应正视双罚组织、领导行为入罪评价的必要性,合理丈量人权保障的基点,避免刑罚过剩。Leadership and organizational behavior,a special behavior type of offense types characteristic of both perpetrating act and non-perpetrating act according to the Criminal Law of the People’s Republic of China,not only influences identity definition and legal responsibility of the subject of the special types of accomplices in the general provision of Criminal Law,but determines the criminal constitution of specific crimes in the specific provisions of the Criminal Law. Therefore,it is necessary to give systematic attention to the complication of such behaviors. By combing through the 452 accusations in the Criminal Law,the author finds out dozens of accusations of various types of leadership and organizational behavior. The basic concept of criminal behaviors falls short in the determination of leadership and organizational behavior as there lacks a clearer definition of the connotation of specific behaviors. The conviction of leadership and organizational behaviors as specific crimes changes the traditional nature of such behaviors. Therefore,a sound legitimate basis is quite important in convicting such behaviors as we must also take national criminal policy into consideration. In practice,we must be careful in convicting leadership and organizational behaviors as separate crimes so as to avoid excessive punishment and protect the human rights.

关 键 词：组织行为 领导行为 共同犯罪 犯罪集团 黑社会性质组织 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]