美国加州核桃品种及砧木选育研究进展  

Development of Walnut Variety and Rootstock Breeding in California of the America

作　　者：韩玉虎[1] 武彦霞[1] 田歌[2] 蔡华成[1] 籍艺文[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学院果树研究所,山西太谷030800 [2]山西省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所,山西太原030032

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2015年第9期1207-1210,共4页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山西省科技厅青年科技研究基金项目(2012021029-3)

摘　　要：美国加州大学戴维斯分校(UCD)核桃发展项目是为加州核桃产业提供优良核桃品种和砧木,利用基因组学手段提高育种效率。UCD的核桃育种目标包括:成熟期早,种皮颜色浅,抗枝枯病和樱桃卷叶病毒;核桃砧木的选育主要定位于抗土壤传播病害抗性基因的筛选,包括疫病、线虫类疾病及冠瘿病。无性繁殖尤其是微繁殖方法主要用于基因的重复测试及优良无性砧木的商业化生产。RX1是德克萨斯黑核桃和普通核桃的杂交后代,具有抗疫病特性;VX211是北加州黑核桃和普通核桃的杂交后代,具有耐线虫的特性,RX1和VX211已被广泛应用于商业生产。综合表现型、DNA图谱和生物信息分析等技术已用于标记早实、种仁颜色和采收期等目标性状,大大提升了育种效率。UCD核桃育种项目的发展是集商用苗圃、核桃种植者及美国全加州试验的一项集体性工作。The goals of the University of California-Davis Walnut Improvement Program are to develop improved variety and rootstock cuhivars for the California walnut industry and to utilize emerging genomic tools to increase breeding efficiency. Scion breeding objectives include new cuhivars with early harvest dates, light kernel color, and resistance to blight and the development of scions with resistance to cherry leaf roll virus. Rootstock development is directed at genetic resistance to soil-borne pathogens including Phytophthora, nematodes, and crown gall. Advances in clonal propagation methods, particularly micropropagation, have allowed replicated testing of genotypes of interest and have facilitated an expanding commercial production of improved clonal rootstocks. RX 1, a Juglans microcarpa x Juglans regia hybrid with resistance to Phytophthora, and VX211, a very vigorous Juglans hindsii ×J. regia hybrid exhibiting nematode tolerance, have been released for commercial use. Phenotyping, DNA mapping, and bioinformatic analysis are being combined to generate markers for traits of interest, including lateral bearing, kernel color, and harvest date, and will be used to improve selection efficiency. The Walnut Improvement Program is an integrated effort that depends on research cooperation with pathologists, molecular biologists, and UC Extension farm advisors, and relies on the assistance of commercial nurseries and walnut growers for planting and evaluation of statewide trials.

关 键 词：核桃 奇异核桃 种质 黑线病 樱桃卷叶病毒 疫病 无性繁殖 

分 类 号：S664.1[农业科学—果树学]